A Comprehensive Survey of Gandara Buddhist Monument

1.调查进度是次调查继前两次调查后进行。初步调查是在1983年进行的。1984年，开始挖掘拉尼加特遗址。拉尼加特是一个大的佛教圣地，位于犍陀罗平原北部边缘的边界上。在这次发掘中，清晰了主塔区域的总体规划。在主佛塔周围有许多供奉佛塔，在主佛塔后面有一排佛龛。1986年的挖掘揭示了主塔庭院的完整平面图，西南塔区域的总体平面图，以及南部地区（寺庙）的平面图。主要的佛塔庭院所在的山丘的建造过程。主要佛塔的平面图完全清晰。在主塔中，发现了在扩建之前建造的核心塔。核心塔由底座、鼓、圆顶三部分组成，保存完好。在鼓的底部发现了Vima-kadphises的硬币，这可以确定它的建造日期。如果它是在国王Vima-Kadphises统治时期建造的，那么这是在贵霜早期发现的第一个佛塔。发现文物雕塑1090件。所有的都被破坏成碎片，但显示出典型的贵霜风格。发现了32枚铜币，破译了28枚。最古老的是Vima-kadphises硬币，最古老的是Kidara-Kushan硬币。共发现铭文13件。最引人注目的是碑文，可读为“发塔”。发现了大量的陶器。它们将有助于构成风格的年表。

1.Progress of Survey This survey follows the two preceding surveys.The prdliminary survey was conducted in 1983.In 1984,the excavation of Ranigat site was started.Ranigat,big buddhist site,is located at the fange which limits the northern edge of Gandhara Plain.In this excavation,the general plan of the main stupa area was come clear.There wer a lot of votive stupas around the main stupa,and the row of shrines behind it. The 1986 excavation revealed the complete plan of the main stupa court,the general plan of the south-west stupa area,and that of the south area (monasteries).Also the construction process of the hill on whic the main stupa court was situated.2.Structural Remains The plan of the main stupa was completely com clear.In the main stupa the core-stupa which was built before the enlargement was found.The core-stupa is constructed of the three parts,plinth,drum, dome,which well-remained.The coin of Vima-kadphises was found at the foot of the drum,which could ascertain the date of the construction of it.If it was built at reign of the King Vima-Kadphises,is is the first discovery of the stupa dated in the Early-Kushan period.3.Artifacts 1090 pieces of sculptures were found.All were damaged into fragments but show the typical Kushan style.32 copper coins were found and 28 coins deciphered.The oldest were Vima-kadphises coins,the oldest were Kidara-Kushan coins.13pieces of inscriptions were found.the most remarkable one is the lamp-inscription which can be read"hair-stupa".A large amount of pottery were found.They will be helpful to make up the chronolosy of the styles.