Comprehensive Survey of Gandhara Buddhist Monument.

这项调查的目的是在1984年和1986年之间完成对拉尼加特中心遗址的挖掘。1989年12月5日和12月11日开挖约3000 m^2；主佛塔区北半部分为南沟南端的大殿、西沟延伸部分、西南区、西山和南区周围的石窟。这次每个区域的挖掘工作几乎已经结束，整个结构可以被清理。1990年，对西山和大佛塔北半部进行了剩余的结构遗迹测量调查，并采用CG - by - CG平面表绘制了结构遗迹分布图。佛塔的建筑风格可分为四类；1)圆形底座，2)未装饰方形底座，3)带柱方形底座，4)4-5层灰泥装饰带方形底座。从它们的建造时期来看，每一种风格都是有历史发展的。砌筑技术也可分为三种；1)纸尿裤砌体，2)半石料，3)石料。事实证明，它们都以同样的方式发展。同样值得注意的是，从建筑风格和技术来看，佛教寺庙的结构已经被证明是历史发展的，通过三种形式，即1)佛塔独立（主要佛塔庭院的下阶段），2)佛塔庭院形式与周围的墙壁和神龛（主要佛塔庭院的上阶段），3)佛塔和巨大的神社并存。这些结果将为研究犍陀罗寺庙在大乘佛教形成时期的发展提供有价值的史料。

This survey aimed to complete excavation of the center of Ranigat remains in 1984 & '86, was done between 0ct. 5 and Dec. 11 in 1989, excavating about 3,000 m^2 ; north half part of the Main Stupa Area a hall at south end of the South-Trench, extended part of the West-Trench, the South-west Area, the West Hill, and stone caves surrounding the South Area. Excavation of each area has almost ended this time, and the whole structure could be cleared. In 1990, the rest measuring survey of structural remains of the West Hill and north half of the Main Stupa Area was done, and the distribution map of structural remains was made by CG by CG plain table.Architectural styles of stupa can be divided into four categories ; 1) Round Plinth, 2) Undecorated square plinth, 3) square plinth with column, 4) Square plinth with decorating band of 4-5 layered stucco. Each style proved to have historically developed in order judged from their construction period.Masonry technique can be also divided into three ; 1) Diaper masonry, 2) Semi-ashlar, 3) Ashlar. Each proved to have developed in the same way.It's also remarkable that the structure of Buddhist temple has proven to have historically developed judged from architectural styles and techniques, through three forms, namely 1) Independence of stupa (the lower phase of the Main Stupa Court), 2) Stupa court form with surrounding walls and shrines (the upper phase of the Main Stupa Court), 3) Coexistence of stupa & huge shrine. These results will be a historical material valuable for considering Gandhara temples' development in the formative period of Mahayanist Buddhism.