Interactions between hydrological regime and climatic changes in the Ching Hai Lake, China

中国青海湖水文情势与气候变化的相互作用

• 批准号: 63041007
• 负责人: NAKAO Kinshiro
• 金额: $ 8.19万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Survey.
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63041007/
• 关键词: Closed saline lake; Fault basin; Fault-line valley; Condensation process of lake water; Lake level fluctuation and climatic change; Lacustrine terrace; Pollen analysis; Lacustrine sediment core

Qinghai Lake, situated in the far easterm part of Qinghai Plateau at latitude 37ﾟN and longitued 100ﾟE, is a closed saline lake in the interior China. Its morphometric features are: 4,484km^2 in area estimated from a satellite photo, 27m in maximum depth measured in July 1988 and 14.8m in mean depth in the consideration of the decline of a lake level, based on a bathymetric map published in 1976, the lake surface being 3,193m above mean sea level at present and the basin around the lake has an area of 25,544km^2. The basin is covered by a grass, being characterized by a semi arid condition. The annual precipitation and the mean annual air temperature are respectively 375mm and -0.6ﾟC at Gangcha, based on the record from 1958 to 1986 and the mean annual atmospheric pressure is 680mb at Gangcha. The seasonal variations in precipitation are characterized by an increase in the May-October period when accounts for 90% of the annual precipitation.The annual amount of evaporation calculated w … More as 804mm, from the meteorological data at Gangcha, based on record for the 1958-1986 period. Then the rario (f) of evapotranspiration (E_g) over the steppe basin to evaporation (E_o) of the lake surface, namely f=E_g/E_o, is estimated to be 0.37. As for the values of f in humid regions, Nakao (1971) estimated f=0.65 in the Ishikari River, in Hokkaido, Japan, and Penman (1949) estimated f=0.75 in England. As for the values of f in an arid region, Nakao (1975) estimated f=0.15 in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada U.S.A.; and in a cold arid region Nakao et al. (1981) estimated f=0.3 at the Harding Lake Basin, Alaska, which is characterized by the presence of discontinuous permafrost. This value (f=0.37) is judged to be a proper value in the dry grass basin.The Daotang River has a wide valley and the sediment depth deeper than 400m. This closed lake was formed by the damming of anciant Daotang Valley which had flowed into the Yellow River, as the result of the uplift by a crustal movement in the south of Mt. Sun-Moon Pass in the Wurm glacial statge. Less

青海湖位于青海高原最东端，北纬37°，东经100°，是中国内陆一个封闭的盐湖。其形态特征为：卫星照片估计面积4,484km^2，1988年7月测得的最大深度为27m，根据1976年出版的测深图，考虑到湖水位下降，平均深度为14.8m，目前湖面海拔高于平均海平面3,193m，湖周围盆地面积为25,544km^2。该盆地被草覆盖，具有半干旱的特征。根据1958年至1986年的记录，刚察年降水量为375毫米，年平均气温为-0.6℃，年平均气压为680兆瓦。降水量季节变化特点是5-10月降水量增加，占全年降水量的90%。根据刚察气象资料，根据1958-1986年的记录，计算出年蒸发量为804毫米。则草原盆地蒸散量(E_g)与湖面蒸发量(E_o)之比(f)估计为0.37，即f=E_g/E_o。至于潮湿地区的f值，Nakao（1971）估计日本北海道石狩河的f=0.65，Penman（1949）估计英国的f=0.75。对于干旱地区的f值，Nakao(1975)估计美国内华达州Lahontan盆地的f=0.15；在寒冷干旱地区 Nakao 等人。 （1981）估计阿拉斯加哈丁湖盆地的 f=0.3，该盆地的特点是存在不连续的永久冻土。该值（f=0.37）被判断为干草流域的适宜值。倒淌河河谷宽阔，泥沙深度大于400m。这个封闭的湖泊是由于乌尔姆冰川台日月山南麓地壳运动抬升，流入黄河的古倒淌谷筑坝形成的。较少的