Glaciological studies in Asian highland regions

亚洲高原地区的冰川学研究

• 批准号: 63043030
• 负责人: HIGUCHI Keiji
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63043030/
• 关键词: Climatic variation; Glacier variation; Snow; ice core analyses; Air-snow interaction; glacier mass balance; Role of glacier for water resources; Continental-type glacier

This Project aimed comparative studies on the characteristics of distribution, condition and variation of glaciers under dry and wet climates in the Asian highland regions, and also the role of glaciers for water resources was studied. For these purposes, results from field observations in the West Kunlun Mountains and the Nepal Himalaya in 1987 were analized.The West Kunlun Mountains lie in the north-western part of Tibet and have typical glaciers of continental-type under the dry climate. These glaciers are nourished mainly by summer snowfall which concentrates in the mountain area. The glaciers lose their mass mainly due to evaporation, and melt water refreezes in the glaciers due to their cold temperature. Contribution of snowfall to river runoff is considered to be samll, since snowfall on the grass slope evaporates soon. There are many ice caps in this area and their flow speed is a few meters per year, similar to that of the polar ice sheet, since accumulation and ablation are small. Snow/ice core analyses on environmental variation of recent 100 years and Quaternary studies were carried out. Meteorological data throughout a year and long-term meteo-hydrological data were obtained in the West Kunlun and the Nepal Himalaya, respectively.

本项目旨在比较研究亚洲高原地区干旱和潮湿气候下冰川的分布、条件和变化特征，并研究冰川对水资源的作用。为此，对1987年在西昆仑山脉和尼泊尔喜马拉雅山脉的野外观测结果进行了分析。西昆仑山脉位于西藏西北部，在干旱气候下具有典型的大陆型冰川。这些冰川主要由集中在山区的夏季降雪滋养。冰川的质量损失主要是由于蒸发，而融化的水由于温度低而在冰川中重新冻结。降雪对河流径流的贡献很小，因为草地上的降雪很快就蒸发掉了。该地区有许多冰帽，其流动速度为每年几米，与极地冰盖相似，因为积累和消融很小。对近百年来的冰雪岩芯进行了环境变化分析和第四纪研究。在西昆仑和尼泊尔喜马拉雅分别获得了全年气象资料和长期气象水文资料。