Study on water and mineral cycling in forest and deteriorated forest ecosystem in southern China.

中国南方森林水矿质循环及恶化森林生态系统研究.

• 批准号: 63043042
• 负责人: TSUTSUMI Toshio
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63043042/
• 关键词: pine forest; litter removal; biomass; carbon; minerals; soil recovery; mineral cycle; シイ林

Forest ecological studies on water and mineral cycling through forest ecosystems were carried out in severely eroded land and in natural evergreen broadleaved forest in Jiangxi Provinco, China, 1987.In 1988, the discussions were carried out on the results obtained in China. first, all japanese member got together in Kyoto on sept. 1988, to present the results of each subject and to discuss. Second, Dr. G. Iwatsubo, one of the staff member, visited china to talk about our result of discussion with the member of Chinese side, on Oct. 1988. Third, head investigator discussed again on the summerized report with some of Japanese member from Dec. 1988 to Feb. 1989. Finally, the draft of the first leport was prepared on middle of March 198.. This draft will be published soon.The outline of the draft is as follows;In severely eroded area, the experimental plot were set up in young pine(pinus massoniana) stands for investigate the effect of litter and undergrowth removal and fertilization on th … More e rate of recovery of soil. The biomass of pine stands studied were equivalent to that of the poorest site of pine forest in Jiangxi Province. The leaves biomass was very low and undergrowth was very thin and poor. This implies that the human impacts are still active in this area. The accumulation of _0 layer, and of carbon, nitrogen and available minerals in soil are also very poor. There was no evidence of soil recovery.In natural evergreen broadleaved forest at Jiulianshan, the small experimental watershed for the studies on water and mineral cycling was set up in nature reserve area. the vegetation in this watershed was classified into three types, that is, castanopsis forest, Schima Forest and Pine forest. Castanopsis forest developed mainly on lowerslope of northern slope. Pine forest was on upperslope or ridge where soil is usually shallow and dry. Schima forest develop on the intermediate site between above two. Two plots were set up in Castanopsis forest and Schima forest on lowereslope for investigate the internal cycle of nutrients. The biomass of the stands was estimated using the allometoric relationships. The above ground part was 396 and 308 t/ha and basal area was 48.6 and 42.3 m^2/ha, respectively. the stem increment was estimated as 10.8 and 9.9 t/ha yr.The chemical analysis of evergreen broadleaved trees was carried out and mineralmass of trees was estimated. Nitrogen accumulation was higher than that of the evergreen broadleaved forest in Japan. Soil in the studied area could be identified as "Red Yellow Soil". The accumulated carbon in mineral soil is ranged from 53 to 90t/ha. 70cm, and that of nitrogen was from 3.4 to 8.9t/ha, 70cm. The amount of exchangeable Ca and available P were rather low. The total accumulations, sum of trees and soil, are 7.1-10.0t/ha for nitrogen, 1826-2383kg/ha for Ca and 446-562kg/ha for Mg, respectively.At Jiulianshan, the annual mean precipitation, temperature and pan evaporation are 1825mm, 16.5 c and 865.4mm, respectively. The warmth index is 136 c mo.. The daily temperature during the winter has wider fluctuations than 20 c, and sometimes it decrease below 0 c. The climatic condition differ from that in the Japanese lucidophyllous forest. Less

1987年，在中国江西省严重侵蚀地和天然常绿阔叶林中开展了森林生态系统水和矿物质循环的森林生态学研究。1988年，中国对所取得的成果进行了讨论。首先，所有日本成员于9月在京都聚会。 1988年，提出各课题的成果并进行讨论。第二，1988年10月，工作人员之一的G. Iwatsubo博士来华谈论我们与中方成员讨论的结果。第三，1988年12月至1989年2月，首席研究员与一些日本成员再次讨论了总结报告。最后，198年3月中旬编写了第一份报告的草案。该草案即将出版。草案的概要如下：实验区侵蚀区 在幼松（马尾松）林中设置样地，研究枯枝落叶和灌木丛的清除以及施肥对土壤恢复率的影响。研究的松林生物量相当于江西省松林最贫瘠地区的生物量。叶子生物量非常低，灌木丛非常稀疏且贫瘠。这意味着该地区的人类影响仍然活跃。 _0层以及土壤中碳、氮和速效矿物质的积累也很差。没有土壤恢复的迹象。在九连山天然常绿阔叶林中，在自然保护区内设置了水和矿物质循环研究的小实验流域。该流域植被分为槠林、木荷林和松林三种类型。槠林主要发育在北坡下坡。松林位于上坡或山脊上，土壤通常浅且干燥。木荷森林发育在上述两者之间的中间位置。在下坡的槠林和木荷林中设置了两个样地，研究养分的内循环。使用异速关系估算林分的生物量。地上部分分别为396和308t/ha，断面积分别为48.6和42.3m^2/ha。茎增量估计为10.8和9.9吨/公顷年。对常绿阔叶树进行了化学分析并估算了树木的矿物质质量。氮素积累量高于日本常绿阔叶林。研究区土壤可鉴定为“红黄土”。矿质土壤的累积碳量为53至90吨/公顷。 70cm，氮肥用量为3.4～8.9t/ha，70cm。交换性Ca和有效P的量相当低。氮素积累量为7.1-10.0t/ha，Ca积累量为1826-2383kg/ha，Mg积累量为446-562kg/ha。九连山年平均降水量为1825mm，年平均气温为16.5℃，蒸发量为865.4mm。温暖指数为月136℃。冬季日气温波动幅度大于20℃，有时降至0℃以下。气候条件与日本的萤叶林不同。较少的