Developmental studies on the teaching materials of quantitative experiment in biological education.

生物教育定量实验教材的发展研究

• 批准号: 63580235
• 负责人: TAKAOKI Takeshi
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: Naruto University of Education
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63580235/
• 关键词: Teaching material for biology; Growth-measuring instrument for microorganism; Volumeter for gas metabolism; Air-pollution teaching; Root pressure measurement; Simple respirometer; Use television for volumeter; Photosynthesis teaching; 光合成測定教材; 微生

I intended to study on the development of teaching materials of quantitative experiment in biological education. The summary of the results is as follows:(1) Developmental studies on a growth-measuring instrument of microorganisms: The instrument is constructed with solar cell, circuit tester, simple amplifier of hand making, and circular fluorescent lamp. The growth curves of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured using the equipment, and the results obtained were similar to those obtained photometrically using a traditional photometer. The distinguishing marks of this instrument are 1) Density of the microorganisms can be measured as growing state in culture vessel without taking out some of the suspension medium. Therefore, the aseptic manipulation and the loss of suspension medium can be eliminated. 2) Operation is simple, and it takes 1 - 2 minutes for one measurement. 3) It's inexpensive and no necessity of expert skill for construction of the equipm … More ent. 4) Large space and dark room are unnecessary.(2) Demonstration experiment using a television camera for volumetric measurement of photosynthesis and respiration: A droplet of food color solution was used as an indicator of the volumeter, and seven volumeters were imaged on the television screen. Investigators and students can get data from the screen. Seven neutral optical filters of different transmissivity were prepared for seven volumeters to measure photosynthesis rate under different light intensities at the same time. Application of this filters on the volumeter made the measurement of photosynthesis rate under different light intensity possible to compare between a sun leaf and a shade leaf within a school period.(3) Experiment for measurement the effects of sulfur dioxide on plants: Using the simple volumetric respirometer (Takaoki & Nakagishi, 1988) and the simple sulfur-dioxide fumigation method (Takaoki & Mitani, 1986), the effects of sulfur dioxide on respiration rates of germinating seeds and petals were observed. Visible injury of sulfur-dioxide fumigation on petals of morning glowry was observed even when fumigation was made three minutes. This experiment is available for children of primary school.(4) Equipment for measuring root pressure in a few minutes: This method is manometric and extremely rapid (Takaoki, 1965). The measurements using this method is very scarce. The effects of respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers on the root pressure of corn root segments were observed. It was recognized that this method is available not only for research on water absorption by root but also for education. Less

本人拟研究生物教育定量实验教材的开发。主要研究成果如下： (1)微生物生长测量仪的研制：该仪器由太阳能电池、电路测试仪、手工简易放大器、圆形荧光灯构成。利用该设备测量了莱茵衣藻和酿酒酵母的生长曲线，所得结果与传统光度计测得的结果相似。该仪器的特点是： 1)无需取出部分悬浮液，即可测量培养皿中微生物生长状态的密度。因此，可以消除无菌操作和悬浮介质的损失。 2）操作简单，一次测量只需1-2分钟。 3) 价格便宜，并且不需要专业技能来建造设备。 4）不需要大空间和暗室。（2）利用电视摄像机进行光合作用和呼吸体积测量的示范实验：用一滴食用色素溶液作为体积计的指示剂，七个体积计在电视屏幕上成像。研究人员和学生可以从屏幕上获取数据。为7个体积计准备7个不同透过率的中性滤光片，同时测量不同光强下的光合作用速率。将这种滤光片应用在体积计上，可以测量不同光照强度下的光合作用速率，并可以在一个学期内比较向阳叶和遮荫叶的光合作用速率。 (3)测量二氧化硫对植物影响的实验：使用简易体积呼吸计(Takaoki & Nakagishi，1988)和简易二氧化硫熏蒸法(Takaoki & Mitani，1988)。 1986），观察了二氧化硫对发芽种子和花瓣呼吸速率的影响。即使熏蒸3分钟，也能观察到二氧化硫熏蒸对牵牛花花瓣的明显损伤。这个实验适合小学生。(4)几分钟内测量根压的设备：这种方法是测压的，速度极快(Takaoki，1965)。使用这种方法进行的测量非常稀少。观察呼吸抑制剂和解偶联剂对玉米根段根压的影响。人们认识到这种方法不仅可用于根系吸水研究，还可用于教育。较少的