Surviving Sites? Landed Property of Jewish Communities between Robbery and Restitution (1930–1960)

幸存的网站？

• 批准号: 513120581
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Birthe Kundrus
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden (IGdJ)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/513120581?language=en
• 关键词: Surviving; Sites; Landed; Property; Jewish

Like Jewish individuals and companies, Germany's Jewish communities were robbed of their property under National Socialism and had to fight for its restitution after World War II. Most of this property was real estate, which was of existential importance to the communities in several respects: as an economic resource, as functional sites for community work, and as symbolic and religious places of reference and representation. The properties that outlasted the Nazi annihilation of Jewish life offered a rare opportunity to construct a continuation of life beyond the caesura of 1945. The questions of how the expropriation and restitution of this property took place and what significance these surviving sites had for the reconstruction of Jewish life in Germany will be specifically examined for the first time in the project using the example of the Jewish community in Hamburg. One focus will be on the question of how the Hamburg community, in dealing with these places after 1945, succeeded in connecting argumentatively and practically to the tradition of the pre-war communities and in stabilizing their provisional existence. Around 1930, the Hamburg community's real estate consisted of nearly 100 objects, of which a selection of 17 will be examined in the project. This selection includes seven synagogue properties and is supplemented by properties that represent the diversity of the community's activities through their use prior to expropriation. By interweaving a property-historical perspective with analytical tools and questions of Material Studies as well as architectural, cultural, and spatial history, the selected objects will be examined simultaneously as properties, buildings, sites, and symbols. By reconstructing the development of these sites over a long period of observation, it is possible to highlight continuities and ruptures across the political divides of 1933 and 1945. The sources consist of object-related material such as the land register and building inspection files relating to the properties, address books and house registration indexes, as well as actor-related records, in particular the documentation of the Jewish communities and the municipal financial authorities in the Hamburg State Archives. For the first time, the holdings of the Jewish Trust Corporation will be evaluated. The successor organization in the British occupation zone was critical to a new beginning of Jewish life in Germany and became the central competitor for the new communities regarding their former property. For the analysis of the contemporary perception and communication about the investigated places, newspaper reports and interviews with former Hamburg Jews in the oral history archive Werkstatt der Erinnerung of the Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg will be examined.

像犹太人个人和公司一样，德国的犹太社区在国家社会主义下被掠夺了财产，不得不在第二次世界大战后为归还财产而斗争。这些财产大部分是真实的地产，在几个方面对社区具有生存的重要性：作为经济资源，作为社区工作的功能场所，作为参考和代表的象征性和宗教场所。在纳粹灭绝犹太人生命之后，这些财产仍然存在，这提供了一个难得的机会，可以在1945年的停顿之后继续建设生活。这些财产是如何被没收和归还的，以及这些幸存的遗址对重建德国的犹太人生活有什么意义，这些问题将在本项目中首次以汉堡的犹太社区为例进行具体审查。其中一个重点将是1945年后汉堡社区在处理这些地方的问题时，如何成功地将争论和实践与战前社区的传统联系起来，并稳定他们的临时存在。大约在1930年，汉堡社区的真实的地产由近100件物品组成，其中17件将在项目中进行研究。这一选择包括七个犹太教堂财产，并补充了通过在征用前的使用代表社区活动多样性的财产。通过将财产历史的观点与分析工具和材料研究以及建筑，文化和空间历史的问题交织在一起，所选对象将同时作为财产，建筑物，遗址和符号进行检查。通过长期观察重建这些遗址的发展，可以凸显1933年和1945年政治分歧的连续性和破裂。这些来源包括与实物有关的材料，如土地登记册和与财产有关的建筑物检查档案、地址簿和房屋登记索引，以及与行为者有关的记录，特别是汉堡国家档案馆中犹太社区和市政财政当局的文件。将首次对犹太信托公司的股份进行评估。英国占领区的继承组织对德国犹太人生活的新开端至关重要，并成为新社区在其以前财产方面的主要竞争对手。为了分析当代人对被调查地点的看法和交流，我们将研究汉堡时代研究中心的口述历史档案Werkstatt der Erinnerung中的报纸报道和对前汉堡犹太人的采访。