Electric Aircraft Ground Lab Environment – E²AGLE

作为EXC 2163“可持续和节能航空”（SE²A）卓越集群的一部分，将对未来商用飞机的机载电气网络进行研究。航空动力系统的电气化与许多直接影响飞机设计的边界条件和限制有关。例如，分布式推进器驱动带来了新的空气动力学可能性，但与新的分布式车载网络结构密切相关。存储单元的布置、可用电压水平和驱动器的控制在满足效率和重量目标方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在功能上，还必须在发生故障时提供必要的冗余。这为驱动系统本身的设计提供了多种可能性，特别是在能量和信息流方面的车载网络。为了从根本上研究这些拓扑的可能性和由此产生的问题，一个实验环境的模块化设计的计划，使集中和分散的结构或两种方法的组合的代表。该实验室被称为SE²A集群中的E²AGLE（电动飞机地面实验室环境），提供了以高度灵活性比较研究各种拓扑变体的可能性。在卓越集群SE²A研究计划的框架内，最初将在拟议测试环境的帮助下从根本上研究两个原则：-中央车载网络拓扑：所有能源和汇都连接到一个公共的DC车载网络。这实现了能量流的灵活设计，并因此实现了能量供应的高冗余，但需要高的布线费用以及车载网络本身的冗余。- 分散式车载网络拓扑：许多较小的储能单元在最大的消费者（驱动器）附近自由放置，从而可以减少布线工作。然而，为了实现这一点，必须通过其他方式建立所需的可靠性/冗余，例如更多的驱动器，容错驱动器等。复制两个板载网络拓扑所需的设备的技术要求在几个方面彼此不同。因此，E2 AGLE测试台及其包含的电源硬件在环（PHIL）分为两个子系统：用于集中式车载网络拓扑的PHIL子系统和用于分散式车载网络拓扑的PHIL子系统。为了使测量结果具有可比性，两个PHIL子系统将在相同的功率范围内运行，并在信息技术方面相互联系，形成分布式PHIL测试台。

As part of the Cluster of Excellence EXC2163 "Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Aviation" (SE²A), the electrical on-board network of future commercial aircraft will be investigated. The electrification of powertrains in aviation is linked to a number of boundary conditions and constraints that have a direct impact on aircraft design. Distributed propulsor drives, for example, bring about new aerodynamic possibilities, but go hand in hand with new, then also distributed on-board network structures. Here, the arrangement of storage units, the available voltage level and the control of the drives play an essential role in meeting efficiency and weight targets. Functionally, the necessary redundancy must also be provided in the event of a fault. This results in a multitude of possibilities for designing the drive system itself and especially the on-board network in terms of energy and information flows. In order to fundamentally investigate these topological possibilities and the resulting questions, an experimental environment of modular design is planned which enables the representation of both centralised and decentralised structures or combinations of both approaches. The laboratory, called E²AGLE (Electric Aircraft Ground Lab Environment) in the Cluster SE²A, offers the possibility of comparatively investigating various topology variants with a high degree of flexibility. Within the framework of the research programme of the Cluster of Excellence SE²A, two principles are initially to be fundamentally investigated with the help of the proposed test environment: - Central on-board network topology: All energy sources and sinks are connected to a common DC on-board network. This enables a flexible design of the energy flows and thus a high redundancy of the energy supply, but requires a high expenditure of cabling as well as a redundancy of the on-board network itself. - Decentralised on-board network topology: Many smaller energy storage units are positioned freely on board near the largest consumers (drives), so that the cabling effort can be reduced. However, to achieve this, the required reliability/redundancy must be established here by other means, e.g. more drives, fault-tolerant drives etc. The technical requirements of the devices needed to replicate both on-board network topologies differ from each other in several respects. The E2AGLE test bench and the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) it contains are therefore divided into two subsystems: The PHIL subsystem for the centralised on-board network topology and the PHIL subsystem for the decentralised on-board network topology. In order to be able to make measurement results comparable, both PHIL subsystems will operate in the same power range and will be linked with each other in terms of information technology to form a distributed PHIL test bench.