Mobile multianalysis device for flows occurring in power-to-X and hydrogen technologies and applications

为了限制气候变化并克服出于政治原因对化石燃料的依赖，欧洲的“绿色协议”要求对可再生能源和减少温室气体进行深入研究。在各种可再生能源的生产过程中，比如电能转化为X的(PTX-)和制氢技术，电能被转化为化学能。工艺气体和废气或工艺颗粒的组成起着决定性的作用，例如，在工业生产绿色氢气的电解工艺中，在有害气候的温室气体二氧化碳的结合中，例如在甲烷裂解或通过二氧化碳直接加氢生产高价值化学品中。一方面，破坏气候甚至有毒的气体是要避免的，或者是必须保护环境的。另一方面，气体组成以及工艺颗粒也可能对下游部件或工艺产生影响，这通常会导致反应器磨损和工艺浪费增加。然而，工艺产品往往受到许多工艺参数的影响。特别值得一提的是，流量控制起着至关重要的作用，但人们往往对它知之甚少。此外，该过程中的许多微量气体不易被检测到，而且没有得到足够的监测。因此，我们希望在HAW汉堡安装一台测量设备，能够以最高的精度同时调查生化过程中的过程气体和流动引导/传输。因此，可以研究操作过程中不同过程中气体/颗粒组成和导流的相互影响。据我们所知，这种可以同时研究气体/颗粒组成和流动输运的设备在世界上是独一无二的。到目前为止，世界上只有几个研究地点拥有观察气体成分或研究流动运输的必要设备，但不是同时拥有这两种设备。这一大型设备项目的目标是建造和调试一台移动式气液流动多分析设备。该装置分为现场测量技术和非现场测量技术。现场测量技术包括用于颗粒跟踪(4D-PTV)和流动显示的高速摄像机装置以及用于测量气体成分的光声光谱(PAS)。非现场仪器包括用于气体成分验证的气相色谱仪(GC)和用于粒度分布测量的激光衍射谱仪(LDS)。多重分析装置在汉堡HAW能源过渡专题领域的一些现有项目和计划项目中发挥了关键作用。因此，我们预计，我们在甲烷裂解、电解和反应堆管理等各种项目中的实验能力将得到相应的提高，以便我们能够在未来几年为这些技术的突破做出决定性贡献。

To limit climate change and overcome dependence on fossil fuels for political reasons, the European "Green Deal" demands intense research on renewable energies and the reduction of greenhouse gases. In various renewable processes, such as Power-to-X (PtX-) and hydrogen producing technologies, electrical energy is converted to chemical energy. The composition of the process gases and exhaust air, or process particles plays a decisive role, e.g., in electrolysis processes for the industrial production of green hydrogen, the binding of the climate-damaging greenhouse gas CO2, e.g., in methane cracking or in the production of high-value chemicals through direct CO2 hydrogenation. On the one hand, climate-damaging or even toxic gases are to be avoided or bound to protect the environment. On the other hand, the gas composition, as well as the process particles, can also have an impact on downstream components or processes which usually leads to increased reactor wear and process waste. However, the process products are often influenced by many process parameters. In particular, flow control plays a crucial role but is often poorly understood. In addition, many trace gases in the process are not easily detectable and are insufficiently monitored. Therefore, we would like to install a measurement device at the HAW Hamburg that enables simultaneous investigation of process gases and flow guidance/transport in biochemical processes with the highest precision. Thus, the mutual influence of gas/particle composition and flow guidance in different processes during operation can be investigated. To our knowledge, such a device that can be used to simultaneously study gas-/particle composition and flow transport is unique in the world. So far, there are only a few research sites worldwide that have either the necessary equipment for observing gas composition or studying flow transport, but not both at the same time. The objective of this large-scale device project is to construct and commission a mobile multi-analysis device for gas and liquid flows. The device is divided into in-situ and ex-situ measurement technology. The in-situ measurement technology consists of a high-speed camera setup for particle tracking (4D-PTV) and flow visualization as well as photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for measuring the gas composition. The ex-situ instrumentation consists of a gas chromatograph (GC) for gas composition validation and a laser diffraction spectrometer (LDS) for particle size distribution measurement. The multi-analysis device plays a crucial role in a number of current and planned projects at the HAW Hamburg in the thematic area of energy transition. Thus, we expect that our experimental capabilities in various projects, e.g., methane cracking, electrolysis, and reactor management, will be improved in such a relevant way that we can make a decisive contribution to the breakthrough of these technologies in the next few years.