The effect of roof-mounted photo-voltaic modules on the urban microclimate and indoor thermal comfort (EUPHORIC)

该项目旨在调查城市地区全区域光伏（PV）部署对室外和室内城市微气候的热舒适性和空气质量的影响。 我们希望进一步了解光伏电池板如何在气候变化和电能生产需求的背景下影响城市微气候，以消除迄今为止发现的相互冲突的影响。为此，我们希望在大涡模拟模型PALM中实现屋顶光伏板的新参数化，并使用该模型来模拟和分析现实大气条件下光伏板的区域范围部署的影响。LES方法将使我们能够就城市光伏部署的总体影响以及这些影响的足迹大小以及对建筑分布和配置的依赖性给出新颖和前所未有的答案。此外，嵌入式建筑表面模型，允许不同的建筑物理配置，使我们能够系统地研究光伏电池板和子面板材料之间的相互作用的影响。Sailor等人（2021）指出，建筑围护结构与光伏板之间的反馈在很大程度上取决于建筑材料。同时，我们将估计城市中光伏组件的潜在电能生产，并将该生产与建筑物能源需求的变化联系起来。为了达到这些目标，我们需要进一步开发和实施，并验证PALM中的光伏面板参数化，捕捉光伏面板的所有热力学和辐射相互作用过程。对于验证任务，我们将在布伦瑞克的Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt（PTB）新建的光伏电池板测试设施中使用面板规模的测量，并在德累斯顿的城市屋顶太阳能发电厂进行屋顶规模的现场实验，该实验提供了相对理想化的条件，如测量足迹区域内表面的水平均匀性，这在城市环境中通常无法满足。

The proposed project aims at investigating the effect of area-wide photovoltaics (PV) deployment in urban areas on the outdoor and indoor urban microclimate in terms of thermal comfort and air quality. We want to take a step forward to understand how PV panels can affect the urban microclimate in the context of climate change and electric energy production needs in order to dissolve the conflicting effects found so far. For this purpose, we want to implement a new parameterization for roof-top PV panels in the Large-Eddy Simulation model PALM and use the model to simulate and analyze the effects of the area-wide deployment of PV panels under realistic atmospheric conditions. The LES approach will enable us to give novel and unprecedented answers both regarding the general effect of urban PV deployment, but also on the size of the footprint of such effects, and the dependence on building distribution and configuration. Moreover, the embedded building surface model, allowing for diverse building physics configurations, allows us to systematically study effects of the interaction between PV panels and sub-panel materials. Sailor et al. (2021) pointed out that the feedback between building envelope and PV panel depends strongly on the building materials. Simultaneously, we will estimate the potential production of electric energy by PV modules in cities and relate this production to the changes in energy demand of the buildings. In order to reach these objectives, we need to further develop and implement and validate a PV panel parameterization in PALM that captures all thermodynamic and radiative interaction processes of PV panels. For the validation task, we will make use of panel-scale measurements at a newly built test facility for PV panels at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig and a roof-scale field experiment at an urban rooftop solar power plant in Dresden, which provides relatively idealized conditions like horizontal homogeneity of the surface within the footprint area of the measurements, that are usually not met in urban environments.