Tradition and Innovation. (1) Old and new churches in the religious market of South Africa (2) The Economy of Sacred Space in Durban, South Africa

该项目调查了南非德班内外的神圣空间的建设。从概念上讲，我们的分析将神圣空间的诗学与其政治联系起来：基于对圣地实际生产的实证研究，我们提出，神圣空间的建构依赖于建立与其他社会、政治或经济空间秩序的区别——对抗、谈判和合作构成了它的政治——而这反过来又依赖于神圣空间的诗学。主位观主张与所有其他类型的空间秩序有本质区别，从而确立了神圣场所的异位性。在这个框架内，我们区分了两种类型的神圣空间：绝对神圣空间和相对神圣空间。这种概念上的差异不仅适用于诗学，也适用于神圣空间的政治，因为不同的生产方式导致了宗教领域的结构性差异。与其他过分强调神圣空间政治冲突性质的方法相反，该项目考虑了共享神圣场所的多种形式。除了已经建立的对传教会、非洲独立教会和五旬节派教会和穆斯林社区的研究之外，该项目现在还包括对主流教会的移民基督徒、祖鲁宗教传统实践者和印度教徒的研究。德班宗教景观及其众多移民社区的特殊性，要求我们的分析不能局限于德班内部的神圣场所，而应考虑德班神圣空间建设的地域和跨国方面。

The project investigates the construction of sacred space in and beyond Durban, South Africa. Conceptually, our analysis relates the poetics of sacred space to its politics: based on the empirical study of the actual production of sacred places, we propose that the construction of sacred space rests on the establishment of a difference to other social, political or economic spatial orders - the confrontations, negotiations and co-operations that constitute its politics - which in turn rests on the poetics of sacred space, on the emic views that claim an essential difference to all other kinds of spatial order and thus establish the heterotopic character of sacred places. Within this frame we distinguish between two types of sacred space: absolute and relative sacred space. This conceptual differentiation does not only pertain to the poetics but also to the politics of sacred space, as distinct modes of production lead to structural differences in the religious field. In contrast to other approaches who overemphasise the conflictual nature of the politics of sacred space, this projects takes account of the many forms of sharing sacred places.Next to the already established research on Mission, African Independent and Pentecostal churches and the Muslim communities, the project now also includes research on migrant Christians in Mainline churches, on practitioners of Zulu religious traditions, and on Hindus. The special character of the religious landscape of Durban with its many migrant communities demands that our analysis cannot be limited to the sacred places located within Durban, but also takes account of the regional and transnational aspects in the construction of sacred space in Durban.