Ethnology of Native Societies and Trades in North Pacific

通过观察俄罗斯东部阿穆尔河地区几家当地博物馆拥有的文物，我们主要致力于研究该地区从日本进口的“物质商品”的分布和特征，这些商品通过所谓的“三滩中国贸易”从前者出口到后者。具体而言，我们通过拍摄、测量和绘制当地博物馆的文物，研究了该地区的土著贸易活动，特别是作为三滩中国贸易主要贸易商的乙支人的贸易活动。因此，我们能够找到比我们预期更多的贸易货物，并收集有关他们的贸易路线的实际情况的基本数据。鉴定出大量日本产漆器和铁器是我们值得注意的结果。此外，通过对文物的研究，我们第一次成功地阐明了在中国、俄罗斯和日本等国殖民之前，阿穆尔河地区土著贸易活动积极发展的几个事实。此外，我们成功地描绘了那些强大的国家通过相互竞争控制土著贸易网络入侵这些地区，从而使土著人民殖民化的过程。在北美，我们不仅参观了西北海岸和阿拉斯加的几个博物馆和一些土著社区中心，还采访了海岸土著村庄的长老，收集了西北海岸人民的商品贸易信息。我们计划于2001年秋季左右在日本大阪国立民族学博物馆举办“北方原住民的贸易和工艺美术”特别展（暂定名称），向大众公开研究成果。

By observing artifacts owned by several local museums in the Amur River Regions in Fur East Russia, we principally devoted ourselves to studying distribution and characteristics of "material goods" imported in the regions from Japan in exchange for commodities exported from the former to the latter through so-called "Santan China Trade. " Concretely, we studied about indigenous trading activities in the regions, especially those of the Ulchi who were the principal traders in the Santan China Trade, by taking pictures, measuring and drawing the artifacts of the local museums. As a result, we were able to find more the trading goods than we had expected and to gather basic data concerning the actual conditions of their trading routes. It was our noteworthy result to identify a large quantity of lacquer wares and ironworks made in Japan. Also, it was the first time that through the research on the artifacts we succeeded in making clear several facts of active developments of indigenous trading activities in the Amur River Region before the colonization by the states such as China, Russia and Japan. Furthermore, we successfully delineated the process of colonizing the indigenous peoples by those powerful states which intruded in the regions by competing with each other in controlling aboriginal trading networks.In North America, we gathered information on trading goods of Northwest Coast Peoples not only by visiting several museums and some native community centers on the Northwest Coast and Alaska but also by taking interview from elders in aboriginal villages on the Coast.We plan to make our research results open widely to the public through a special exhibition "Trades, and Arts and Crafts of Indigenous Peoples in the North" (a tentative title) at National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan around autumn of 2001 or later.