Comparative Study on Modal Integration in Transportation

交通运输模式整合比较研究

• 批准号: 09044170
• 负责人: OKUYAMA Yasuhide
• 金额: $ 3.97万
• 依托单位: Tottori University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09044170/
• 关键词: Intercity transportation system; Mode integration; Comparative analysis; Local characteristics; Full cost; Comparative advantage

The aim of this study is to explore the future direction for efficient transportation systems supported by adequate modal coordination, by crossing over the recent researchers on the modal coordination in intercity transportation in California and Japan.Under the growing socio-economic activities and the progress of transportation technologies, the needs for transportation services has become higher, and must be still high in the future. Transportation system have been developed continuously to satisfy these needs such as shorter travel time, lower travel cost, much more convenience, and less environmental impacts. Intensive investment on the development of most efficient transportation mode is essential to meet these needs. The efficiency of modes in transportation highly depends on the geographic, economic, and social conditions of the region. Therefore, the most efficient mode is not necessarily same in regions. The selected best-fit mode in each region has grown until now, and has … More become a dominant mode which characterize the transportation systems in the region.Each region has some transportation problem such as road congestion, airport noise, or difficulty to maintain minimum service due to small demand. Sometimes, there exists a limit to meet these problems by making some improvement only on the mode. In such a case, coordinating different modes may be a solution to overcome it under the limited resources and/or environmental restrictions. The so-called "Intermodalism" policy is an expression of it. The major idea of this policy is to provide a rich variety of transport alternatives through a modal competition by raising up the connectivity, coordination, and cooperation between modes. Competitive market carries efficient results in general. However, it is also a well known fact that entrusting only the market mechanism does not always realize the best condition.Generally, the marginal cost to provide an additional transportation service for newly increased demand is lowest in case of expanding dominant transportation mode than the case of developing minor mode, because of the economy of scale. However, in some cases, such an expansion becomes less efficient rather than expanding minor mode. Congestion at an airport which has no room for expansion is one of the cases. To switch a part of additional demand over another mode may be more efficient by expanding the mode if it is possible within a reasonable cost. A monopoly-like condition, where the most of transportation service is provided by a single mode, lacks flexibility and may carry an inefficiency in the long run.To avoid such an inefficiency, it is important to organize multi-modal transportation system by coordinating transportation modes in their development and use from a view point of long-range planning. For making it possible, we must clarify many thing s including the image of socially optimized transportation system with modal coordination, the full cost of transportation services, the evolution process of transportation systems, and the behavior of users and transportation companies.In this study, a comparative study on the transportation systems with different modal structures has been conducted to provide useful information for more effective transportation systems. California and Japan have many common conditions, while on the other hand many different conditions including the structure of modal share in transportation. By making comparison between the transportation systems and the surrounding conditions in both the countries, we explore the subjects mentioned above, especially, theoretical analyses on pathdependency and inefficiency of modal share, intercity travel time comparison, full cost comparison, and others. Less

本研究的目的是通过对加州和日本城际交通的模式协调的研究，探索有效的运输系统的未来方向，以适当的模式协调为支持。随着社会经济活动的日益增多和交通运输技术的进步，人们对交通运输服务的需求越来越高，而且在未来一定还会很高。交通系统不断发展，以满足这些需求，如更短的旅行时间，更低的旅行成本，更多的便利，更少的环境影响。为满足这些需求，大力投资开发最有效的运输方式至关重要。运输方式的效率在很大程度上取决于该地区的地理、经济和社会条件。因此，最有效的模式在不同地区不一定相同。各地区所选择的最适合的运输方式发展至今，已成为该地区交通运输系统的主导模式。每个地区都有一些交通问题，如道路拥堵，机场噪音，或由于需求小而难以维持最低限度的服务。有时，仅通过对模式进行一些改进来解决这些问题存在局限性。在有限的资源和/或环境限制下，协调不同的模式可能是克服这种情况的一种解决方案。所谓的“跨模式主义”政策就是一种表现。该政策的主要思想是通过模式竞争，通过提高模式之间的连通性、协调性和合作性，提供丰富多样的交通选择。一般来说，竞争性的市场产生有效的结果。然而，一个众所周知的事实是，仅仅委托市场机制并不总能实现最佳状态。一般来说，由于规模经济的原因，在扩大主导运输方式的情况下，为新增加的需求提供额外运输服务的边际成本比发展次要运输方式的边际成本最低。然而，在某些情况下，这样的扩展变得效率较低，而不是扩展次要模式。没有扩建空间的机场拥堵就是其中之一。在合理的成本范围内，通过扩展模式，将一部分额外需求转换为另一种模式可能会更有效。在类似垄断的情况下，大部分运输服务由单一模式提供，缺乏灵活性，从长远来看可能会导致效率低下。为了避免这种低效率，从长远规划的角度出发，通过协调各种运输方式的发展和使用来组织多式联运系统是很重要的。为了使其成为可能，我们必须澄清许多事情，包括具有模式协调的社会优化运输系统的形象，运输服务的全部成本，运输系统的演变过程，以及用户和运输公司的行为。本研究通过对不同模式结构的运输系统进行比较研究，以期为更有效的运输系统提供有用的信息。加州和日本有许多共同的条件，而另一方面有许多不同的条件，包括运输模式份额的结构。通过对两国交通系统和周边条件的比较，我们探讨了上述主题，特别是对模式共享的路径依赖和低效率、城际旅行时间比较、全额成本比较等方面的理论分析。少

项目成果

喜多秀行,坂田裕彦,吉村 晋: "運航補助による地域航空旅客サービスの改善可能性に関するモデル分析"土木計画学研究・論文集. 16. 195-200 (1999)

Hideyuki Kita、Hirohiko Sakata、Susumu Yoshimura：“通过飞行援助改善支线航空公司乘客服务可能性的模型分析”土木工程规划研究和论文。16. 195-200 (1999)。

H.Kita: "A Model Analysis of Flight Subsidization for Sustaining Local Services"International Symposium on Local Knowledge and Innovation : Enhancing the Substance of Non-Metropolitan Regions. (1999)

H.Kita：“维持本地服务的航班补贴模型分析”本地知识与创新国际研讨会：增强非都市地区的实质。

H.Kita and K.Fukuyama: "A merging-giveway behavior model considering interactions at ezpressway on-ramps"Transportation and Traffic Theory. 173-187 (1999)

H.Kita 和 K.Fukuyama：“考虑 ezpressway 入口匝道交互的合并-让行行为模型”运输与交通理论。

喜多秀行,吉村晋: "地域航空旅客サービスの改善方策に関する一考察" 土木計画学研究・講演集. 21. 633-636 (1998)

Hideyuki Kita、Susumu Yoshimura：“支线航空客运服务改进措施的研究”土木工程规划研究和讲座集 21. 633-636 (1998)。

GILLEN, David: "Efficient Use and Provision of Transportation Infrastracuture with Imperfect Pricing Second Best Rules" Greene D.,D.W.Jones and M.A.Delucchi (eds.) The Full Cost and Benefit of Transportation,Springer. 193-218 (1997)

GILLEN，David：“以不完美定价次佳规则有效使用和提供交通基础设施” Greene D.、D.W.Jones 和 M.A.Delucchi（编）《交通运输的全部成本和效益》，施普林格。