Behavioral Science of Formation and Functions of Pseudoscientific Beliefs

伪科学信念的形成和功能的行为科学

• 批准号: 09410033
• 负责人: URA Mitsuhiro
• 金额: $ 5.76万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09410033/
• 关键词: pseudoscientific beliefs; paranormal beliefs; scientific education; behavioral science; physical factors; cognitive factors; social factors; 科学; 疑似科学; 入眠時心像; 脳科学; 認知的構造化; 超常現象; 迷信行動; 入眠時幻覚

Six studies were conducted to examine physiological, cognitive, behavioral and social mechanisms of formation and functions of pseudoscientific beliefs, and utility of scientific education for change of the beliefs.Study 1 revealed that people has general preference of number selection. It was suggested that the preference is formed through communication in social interaction and that this preference of number selection is one primitive type of superstition.Study 2 aimed to investigate the relationships between hypnagogic imagery and EEG stages. Results of this study showed that the hypnagogic imageries changed from waking daydreams to hypnagogic imageries or NREM sleep dreams as a function of progress of hypnagogic EEG stages.Study 3 investigated the effects of personal factors on the paranormal beliefs. Results revealed that beliefs in existence of ghost and reincarnation and superstition were mainly effected by external attribution, and that level of anxiety affected only beliefs in … More existences of undefined creatures and cultures.The purpose of study 4 was to examine effects of social-psychological factors on formation of paranormal belief. Results showed that strength of paranormal belief were positively associated with the acceptance of the phenomena in the interpersonal communication. Beliefs in supernatural power, ghost and reincarnation were also associated with attitude toward science and spirituality.In study 5, using a longitudinal design, the effect of scientific education on change of paranormal beliefs in kanashibari phenomenon was investigated. Results showed that (1) personal experience of kanashibari was associated with paranormal belief in and desire for scientific clarification of this phenomenon, and (2) scientific education on kanashibari phenomenon had effect on perceived importance of scientific clarification on the phenomenon.Study 6 investigated the relationship between the pseudoscientific beliefs in latent functions of the brain and the need for cognitive closure. People high in need for closure perceived higher possibility of scientific clarification on paranormal function of the brain than did people low an cognitive closure. But scientific education on functions of the brain weakened the relationship between the need for closure and pseudoscientific belief in the brain. Less

进行了六项研究来检验伪科学信念的形成和功能的生理、认知、行为和社会机制，以及科学教育对改变信念的效用。研究1显示，人们对数字选择有普遍偏好。有人认为这种偏好是通过社会交往中的交流形成的，这种对数字选择的偏好是一种原始的迷信。研究2旨在探讨入睡意象与脑电图阶段之间的关系。这项研究的结果表明，随着睡前脑电图阶段的进展，入睡前的意象从清醒的白日梦转变为入睡前的意象或NREM睡眠梦。研究3调查了个人因素对超自然现象信念的影响。结果显示，对鬼魂存在、轮回和迷信的信念主要受到外部归因的影响，而焦虑水平仅影响对不确定生物和文化存在的信念。研究4的目的是检验社会心理因素对超自然信念形成的影响。结果表明，超自然现象信念的强度与人际交往中对超自然现象的接受程度呈正相关。对超自然力量、鬼魂和轮回的信仰也与对科学和灵性的态度有关。在研究5中，采用纵向设计，调查了科学教育对金梨现象中超自然信仰改变的影响。结果表明，(1) kanashibari 的个人经历与对这一现象的超自然信仰和对这一现象进行科学澄清的渴望相关，(2) 对 kanashibari 现象的科学教育影响了对这一现象进行科学澄清的认知重要性。研究 6 调查了对大脑潜在功能的伪科学信念与认知封闭需求之间的关系。与低认知封闭的人相比，高封闭需求的人认为大脑超自然功能的科学澄清的可能性更高。但关于大脑功能的科学教育削弱了封闭的需要与大脑的伪科学信仰之间的关系。较少的

项目成果

坂田省吾: "数字の選択行動に関する行動科学的アプローチ"広島大学総合科学部紀要IV―理系偏. 23. 121-128 (1997)

Shogo Sakata：“数值选择行为的行为科学方法”广岛大学综合艺术与科学学院公告 IV - 科学偏差。

岩永 誠・坂田桐子: "超常現象に対する肯定的信念の形成に関する研究(1)-個人要因の影響-" 広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系編. 24. 75-85 (1998)

岩永诚和坂田切子：“关于超自然现象的积极信念的形成研究（1）-个体因素的影响-”广岛大学综合艺术与科学学院通报，IV科学版24。75-85（ 1998）

Sakata, S.: "A behavioral approach to the preference on numbers"Science reports (Memoirs of the faculty of integrated arts and science, Hiroshima University). 23. 121-128 (1997)

Sakata, S.：“对数字偏好的行为方法”科学报告（广岛大学综合艺术与科学学院回忆录）。

道田奈々江・林 光緒・堀 忠雄: "視覚的イメージ想起時における事象関連電位" 生理心理学と精神生理学. 15. 61-66 (1997)

Nanae Michida、Mitsuo Hayashi 和 Tadao Hori：“视觉图像回忆过程中的事件相关电位”《生理心理学和心理生理学》15. 61-66 (1997)。

Sakata,S.,Iwanaga,M.Hayashi,M.,Sakata,K.,& Ura,M.: "Effects of ethanol on timing behavior in an interval bisection task in rats."International Journal of Psychophysiology. 30. 123 (1998)

坂田，S.，岩永，M.林，M.，坂田，K.，