Assessment of Deterioration, Residual Strength and Seismic Performance for Historical Stone Masonry Structures

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Old stone arch bridges in Japan are ,as well as those in European countries, historical landmarks and excellent reminders of the civil engineering heritage. Big difference of situations, however, that masonry arch bridges from an important part on the highway network in some European countries, whereas they don't at all in Japan. There are about 40000 brick or stone masonry arch bridges in the United Kingdom, representing about 40% of the bridge stock ; of about 59000 bridges in France with a span of 5 m at least, 60% are masonry bridges. Japan has approximately 122 thousand highway bridges presenting a length exceeding 15m, however only 0.3% (369 in number) are stone masonry arch bridges. The history of stone arch bridge in Japan is also very new compared with that in Europe ; the first stone arch bridge in Japan was built in the mid-17th century by a Chinese monk, while six of the eight stone bridges the Roman built over the Tiber between 200 B.C and A.D. 260 still stand.Between 1845 … More and 1849 a series of five multi-span stone-masonry arch bridges was built in Kagoshima City, Japan, and they carried roadway traffic till quite recently. Each bridge had four or five circular arches giving a total length of 45 to 70m. In August,1993, two of these 150-year-old bridges were swept away due to scour around the piers during a storm flood. In order to execute the river conservation works and to avoid the possible future loss of the cultural built heritage, the authorities decided to relocate the three surviving bridges to a safe site. Prior to the relocation, comprehensive material tests were performed to establish the condition and quality of the original stones. The size, depth, type and condition of the original foundations were also confirmed. The nonlinear static behavior of multi-span stone arch bridges was predicted considering the discontinuity of each masonry element. The soil-structure interaction under a severe earthquake was also assessed by 2-D finite element method. Less