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Management of Cognitive Conflict with Qualitative Reasoning Techniques in Virtual Experimental Environment

虚拟实验环境中定性推理技术的认知冲突管理

基本信息

批准号：
09480066
负责人：
TOYODA Junichi
金额：
$ 8.19万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the field of intelligent tutoring systems, how to motivate learners has been one of central issues recently. Many researchers insist that creation of cognitive conflict is an effective way. It occurs when a phenomenon in real world is different from a learner's prediction. Behavior simulation is a promising method to do this. A simulation which reflects a learner's error can be different from the simulation of correct behavior which he/she predicted. The purpose of our research is to establish the method how to create conflict effectively by using behavior simulation. The followings are necessary : (1) to generate unreal simulation based on a learner's erroneous formula, (2) to identify the mechanism by which human differentiate two phenomena and to automatize it, (3) to evaluate whether the "different" phenomena really cause cognitive conflict and to implement this mechanism.In the first year, task (1) has been performed. The difficulty is that the violation of constraint in learne … More rs' formulae is too various to generate simulation by the unified method. We solved this problem by limiting the variation of errors to deal with. The simulator which generate unreal simulation has been implemented and evaluated.In the second year, we worked at task (2). The criteria which human is supposed to use to differentiate two phenomena is assumed and verified by cognitive experiments. The mechanism which diagnoses the difference with this criteria is proposed (by using qualitative reasoning). It has been implemented and evaluated.In the last year, we accomplished task (3). Various factors which affect the total performance of simulation (i. e. whether it cause cognitive conflict) are structurized by introducing two viewpoints. One of them concerns the visual effect of simulation and the other its method of expression. Each factor's way of influence has been verified by cognitive experiments. Based on these analyses, we have constructed the mechanism which controls behavior simulations considering their educational effectiveness. The implemented system has been evaluated, and the result was mostly supportable.Through this research project, the method how to create cognitive conflict effectively by using behavior simulation has been established, and it gives a guideline to utilize virtual experimental environments of great potential, we believe. Less

在智能教学系统中，如何激发学习者的学习动机一直是研究的热点。许多研究者认为，制造认知冲突是一种有效的方法。当真实的世界中的一种现象与学习者的预测不同时，它就发生了。行为模拟是一种很有前途的方法。反映学习者错误的模拟可能不同于他/她预测的正确行为的模拟。本研究的目的是建立如何有效地利用行为模拟来制造冲突的方法。以下是必要的：（1）根据学习者的错误公式生成不真实的模拟，（2）识别人类区分两种现象的机制并将其自动化，（3）评估“不同”现象是否真的引起认知冲突并实现这一机制。难点在于学习过程中的约束违反 ...更多信息 RS的公式太多，无法用统一的方法进行模拟。我们通过限制误差的变化来解决这个问题。第二年，我们进行了任务（2）的研究。假设了人类区分两种现象的标准，并通过认知实验加以验证。提出了用此标准诊断差异的机制（通过使用定性推理）。在过去的一年里，我们完成了任务（3）。影响仿真总体性能的各种因素（即：e.是否会引起认知冲突）的研究。一是仿真的视觉效果，二是仿真的表现方法。每个因素的影响方式都得到了认知实验的验证。基于这些分析，我们构建了控制机制，考虑到他们的教育效果的行为模拟。通过本课题的研究，建立了一种利用行为模拟有效地制造认知冲突的方法，为开发具有巨大潜力的虚拟实验环境提供了指导。少