Construction of interaction web connecting food chain and habitation chain

食物和栖息地是所有生物的两个主要来源。食物获取的种内和种间相互作用已被研究为觅食理论、捕食者-被捕食者相互作用和食物网分析。关于生境隔离、生境结构、共生和生境链等理论，已有很多研究。然而，很少有人尝试构建将这两个主要条件结合起来的理论。本研究的目的是构建连接河涌湿生植物群落内潮间贻贝群落和水生动物群落食物链和栖息链的相互作用网络。1997 ~ 1999年，对两个群落的物种组成、组成物种的种群密度和食物偏好进行了季节性和月度调查。通过室内实验研究了蚌类的觅食行为和食物选择，揭示了蚌类食物选择中的捕食者与被捕食者之间的相互作用，根据野外调查和室内实验的结果，构建了蚌类食物链和栖息链。两种间接的相互作用，那些通过两个或三个折叠的食物链，和那些提供栖息地和共生体的物种之间的作用，可以区分。通过在食物链中加入共生体之间的间接相互作用，可以构建一个连接食物链和栖息链的相互作用网络。对水生动物群落的研究也采用了同样的方法，构建了群落的相互作用网络。这些结果表明，这种相互作用网络可以反映生物群落中各组成物种为获取食物和栖息地而进行的各种相互作用，甚至是功能生态位。

Food and habitats are two major requisites for all organisms. Intra- and inter-specific interactions for food acquisition have been investigated as foraging theory, prey-predator interactions and food web analyses. There have been many theories on habitat segregation, habit structure, symbiosis and habitation chain. Very few attempts, however, have been conducted for constructing theories uniting such two major requisites.The aim of this study is to construct interaction webs connecting food chain and habitation chain for intertidal mussel bed community and aquatic animal community within riverine hygrophyte stands. Seasonal and monthly surveys for species composition, population density of component species and food preference were conduced for both communities from 1997 to 1999. Laboratory experiments on the foraging behavior and food selection of component species revealed the prey-predator interactions within the food selection of component species revealed the prey-predator interactions within the mussel beds.According to the results of the field surveys and laboratory experiments, food chain and habitation chain among the component species could be constructed. Two kinds of indirect interactions, those acting through two or three fold food chains, and those acting between species providing with habitats and symbionts, could be discriminated. Then an interaction web connecting food chains and habitation chains could be constructed by adding indirect interactions between the symbionts to the food chains. The same procedure was adopted to an aquatic animal community within riverine hygrophyte stands, and an interaction web for community could be constructed. These results suggest that such interaction web can show the various kinds of interactions for acquisition of food and habitats and even the functional niche of component species in biological community.