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Flow Characteristics around Flying Animal and Size Effects on Flight Mechanism

飞行动物周围流动特性及尺寸对飞行机构的影响

基本信息

批准号：
09650205
负责人：
SUDO Seiichi
金额：
$ 0.45万
依托单位：
Iwaki Meisei University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09650205/
关键词：
Biological Engineering Biomechanics Bio-fluid Mechanics Fluid Dynamics Aerodynamics Insect Flight Bird Flight

项目摘要

This research project is concerned with the morphological characteristics, the wing beating behavior, and the aerodynamic characteristics of a flying animal. The wings of the dragonfly, Sympetruin infuscatum, the gadfly, Tabanus rufidens, the fly, Parasarcophaga crassipalpis, and the vinegar fly, Drosophila lutea were observed microscopically making use of the scanning electron microscope. Several cross section of insect costa were observed, and the image processing of the electron micrograph was conducted on a personal computer. It was found that the costa varies in shape and size corresponding to the location of wing. With respect to the structure of the flight feather, the pigeon feathers were observed microscopically using the scanning electron microscope. A three dimensional motion analysis system revealed the wing motion of the flying animal. The experimental system composed of two high speed video cameras, a motion grabber system and a personal computer, analyzed the wing motion in three dimensions. The free flight of theflying animal was analyzed. The relationship between the insect flight and its wing structure was reveald. The free flight behavior of the Java sparrow was clarified, that is, the time variation of the displacement and velocity on the bird's wing was obtained quantitatively. Wing path and flapping of the bird were obtained in three dimensional expression.When the flight feathers of the Java sparrow were exposed in the uniform smooth wind, bending of the flight feather occurs, and bending characteristics of the flight feather showed the anisotropy in the wind direction. Each flight feather has its own bending characteristics.

本研究计画系关于飞行动物之形态特徴、拍翅行为及空气动力学特徴。利用扫描电子显微镜，对棕褐合斑虻、牛虻、厚须副肉蝇和黄果蝇的翅膀进行了显微观察。观察了昆虫肋的几个横截面，并在个人计算机上对电子显微照片进行了图像处理。结果表明，肋的形状和大小随翅的位置而变化。关于飞羽的结构，使用扫描电子显微镜在显微镜下观察鸽子羽毛。一个三维运动分析系统揭示了飞行动物的翅膀运动。实验系统由两台高速摄像机、运动采集系统和计算机组成，对机翼的三维运动进行了分析。对飞行动物的自由飞行进行了分析。揭示了昆虫飞行与翅膀结构的关系。阐明了爪哇麻雀的自由飞行行为，即定量地得到了鸟翼上位移和速度随时间的变化。在三维空间中得到了鸟的飞行轨迹和扑翼运动，当爪哇麻雀的飞羽暴露在均匀的光滑风中时，飞羽发生弯曲，并且飞羽弯曲特性在风向上表现出各向异性。每根飞羽都有自己的弯曲特性。