Plant nutritional physiological studies on husk leaf size for failoring ideo-type of high-yielding corn

高产失败理想型玉米壳叶大小的植物营养生理研究

• 批准号: 09660065
• 负责人: FUJITA Kounosuke
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09660065/
• 关键词: Corn; husk leaf; leaf area; cell component; ^<13>C; cellulose; hemicellulose; Xglose; 葉面積大; 構成糖; ^<13>Cトレーサー; アラビノース; 細胞壁; 細胞拡大; 炭素-13; 窒素-15

Some corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes produce husk leaves (laminae extending from the husk) which on a per unit area basis, contribute more photosynthate to grain production than culm leaves. However, leaf area of the husk leaves is limited. Little is known about the changes in husk leaves area. Factors affecting leaf area expansion in relation to leaf development and genotypic difference in husk leaf size were examined in terms of cell component synthesis.Experiment 1, Effect of leaf development : A field experiment was conducted to quntify methanol (MeOH)-soluble fraction (cytosol) and incorporation of ^<13>C-labeled photosynthate in cell walls from nine days before silking (DBS) to silking. The ear Leaf of flint corn (Fl of N-19 by X-15) was subjected to ^<13>CO_2 eight DBS.Results : (1) The husk leaf attained half its maximum apparent photosynthtic rate when it had 8% of its maximum leaf area at 4 DBS.(2) At 9DBS, neutral sugars in the MeOH-soluble fraction accounted for most of non-st … More arch carbohydrates within the husk leaf (68%) , while hemicellulose and cellulose fractions showed low figures. At silking, however, sugars in the hemicellulose and cellulose fractions increased by 23% and 56%, respectively. (3) Results ^<13>CO_2 labeling suggest that during rapid husk leaf development, MeOH-soluble fraction decreases, while the hemicellulose fraction fluctuates, and cellulose fraction increases.Experiment 2, Effect of genotypic difference in husk leaf size : Similar experiment was conducted using field- grown three flint corn pure lines differing in husk leaf size. Results : (4) A flint corn genotype, X-15 showed a greater husk leaves area mainly due to a longer duration of the rapid expansion and a higher expansion rate than other genotypes. (5) The predominant sugar species in the cytosol fraction was glucose (GIc), however in the hemicelllose fraction, xylose (Xyl) and arabinose (Ara) were more dominant than other sugars. (6) ^<13>CO_2 labeling experiment indicated that during rapid husk leaf development, ^<13>C atom % in Xyl remained low in the cytosol, while it increased remarkably in the hemicellulose, and the increase was more pronounced in X-15. These suggest that Xyl plays an important role on synthesis of hemicellulose, which leads to a greater husk leaf area. Less

一些玉米（Zea mays L.）基因型产生壳叶（从壳延伸的叶片），其在每单位面积的基础上比秆叶对谷物生产贡献更多的光合作用。然而，苞叶的叶面积是有限的。对苞叶面积的变化知之甚少。试验1，叶片发育的影响：采用田间试验，测定吐丝前9天至吐丝前9天（DBS）叶片细胞壁甲醇（MeOH）可溶性组分（胞液）和~（13 <13>C）标记光合产物的含量。用X-15处理N-19的F1代，用<13>CO_2处理8个DBS，结果表明：（1）在DBS处理4个DBS时，当颖叶最大叶面积为8%时，其表观光合速率达到最大值的一半; (2)在9DBS时，甲醇可溶性组分中的中性糖占了大部分非淀粉糖， ...更多信息 谷壳叶中碳水化合物占68%，而半纤维素和纤维素组分含量较低。然而，在吐丝时，半纤维素和纤维素组分中的糖分别增加了23%和56%。(3)结果<13>CO_2标记表明，在玉米苞叶快速发育过程中，甲醇可溶性组分减少，半纤维素组分波动，纤维素组分增加。试验2，苞叶大小基因型差异的影响：用田间生长的3个苞叶大小不同的硬粒玉米纯系进行相似的试验。结果如下：（4）硬粒型玉米X-15的苞叶面积较大，其主要原因是其快速膨大持续时间较长，膨大速度较快。(5)在胞质溶胶组分中的主要糖种类是葡萄糖（Glc），然而在半纤维素组分中，木糖（Xyl）和阿拉伯糖（Ara）比其它糖更占优势。(6)CO_2<13>标记实验表明，在苞叶快速发育过程中，<13>胞质中Xyl的碳原子百分比一直较低，而半纤维素中的碳原子百分比则显著增加，其中X-15的增加更为明显。这表明，木糖醇在半纤维素合成中起重要作用，从而导致更大的苞叶面积。少

项目成果

Hideo Sato et al.: "Factors affecting leaf area development in lwak feel of flint corn" Crop Scicnce. 37・6. 1826-1831 (1997)

Hideo Sato 等：“影响燧石玉米叶面积发育的因素”作物科学 37・6（1997 年）。

Hideo Sato et al.: "Factors affecting leaf area derelgnment in hush leaf of flint corn" Crop Science. 37巻. 1826-1831 (1997)

Hideo Sato 等人：“影响燧石玉米叶面积偏差的因素”作物科学，第 37 卷，1826-1831 年。

Hideo Sato, Naoki Sakurai, Sigeyuki Sendo, Hirofumi Saneoka, Hiroyuki Nobuyasu and Kounosuke Fujita: "Factors affecting leaf area development in husk leaf of flint corn" Crop Science. Vol.37. 1826-1831 (1997)

Hideo Sato、Naoki Sakurai、Sigeyuki Sendo、Hirofumi Saneoka、Hiroyuki Nobuyasu 和 Kounosuke Fujita：“影响燧石玉米壳叶叶面积发育的因素”作物科学。

H.Sato et al: "Factors affecting leaf area development in hask leaf of flint corn" Crop Science. 37巻. 1826-1831 (1997)

H.Sato 等人：“影响燧石玉米叶面积发育的因素”《作物科学》，第 37 卷，1826-1831 年（1997 年）。