STUDY ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MATU OR SUGI ESSENTIAL OIL BY THE SPECIHC REACTION FOR TERPENE COMPOUNDS

通过比较简单的化学反应，将木材精油的主要成分转化为生物抗性化合物，特别是杀虫和抗真菌化合物。用稀硫酸溶液将广泛存在于木材精油中的α-蒎烯转化为杀蚁化合物之一α-松油醇，收率约为22摩尔%。此外，还发现一些磺酸是这些反应的良好催化剂。其中对酚磺酸是最佳催化剂，α-松油醇收率最高，达83摩尔%。用对酚磺酸对木、杉木和白木的精油进行了处理。松茸精油中含有的α-蒎烯转化为α-松油醇。而商品松油和杉木精油中α-蒎烯含量较少，因此α-松油醇的产量较少。在这些处理下，桧木叶油中含有大量的杉木烯，而不是α-蒎烯，α-蒎烯转化为4-松油醇。适当的反应时间小于10小时，较长的反应时间会增加不良产物。对反应产物进行了对台湾白蚁和黄白蚁的杀虫活性测定，并对JIS Z 2911中规定的5种真菌进行了抗性试验。虽然杉木精油中萜烯醇含量较少的水解产物的生物活性仅略有增加，但杉木精油和松木精油的生物活性明显增加。

Chemical conversion of major components of wood essential oil into biological-resistant compounds, especially termiticidal and anti-fungal compounds by relatively simple reaction was carried out. α-Pinene, widely contained in the wood essential oil was converted with a dilute sulfuric acid solution into α-terpineol, one of the termiticidal compounds, on yield of ca. 22 molar %. Furthermore, some sulfonic acids were found to be a good catalyst for these reactions. p-Phenol sulfonic acid was the best catalyst among them, it gave maximum yield α-terpineol, 83 molar %. The essential oil from matu, sugi, and hinoki woods were also treated with p-phenol sulfonic acid. α-Pinene contained in matu essential oil was converted into α-terpineol. But, commercial terpentine and sugi essential oil contained less α-pinene, so the production of α-terpineol was a little. The hinoki leaf oil contained a lot of sabinene instead of α-pinene which was converted into 4-terpineol by these treatments. Adequate reaction time was less than 10 hrs and longer reaction time increased the unfavorable products. The reaction products were tested for the termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus, the fungus resistance against five fungi specified in JIS Z 2911. Although the hydrolysis product, e.g. from sugi essential oil, having less amount of terpene alcohols showed only a little increase of biological activity, the products from hinoki and matu essential oil showed remarkable increase of it.