Prevention of normal tissue damage caused by primed neutrophils under the control of intracellular signal transduction

在炎症部位，GM-CSF主要由巨噬细胞和活化的T细胞产生。炎症部位被称为卫星细胞的巨噬细胞和T细胞所包围。GM-CSF能增强中性粒细胞的杀菌能力，延长细胞存活时间。相比之下，G-CSF的作用较弱，G-CSF主要由上皮细胞或间质细胞中的成纤维细胞产生。低浓度的GM-CSF增强了中性粒细胞趋化性，同时，高浓度的GM-CSF诱导了整合素粘附性的严格调节和活化的中性粒细胞对炎症部位的特异性定位。根据这些发现，GM-CSF可能在ARDS和支气管哮喘等几种疾病中发挥促炎细胞因子的作用。中性粒细胞的不必要延长和杀菌能力的增强可能产生有毒物质。粒细胞的生命和功能调控已被认为是抑制炎症性疾病和组织损伤的关键机制。在支气管哮喘中，GM-CSF和IL-5等细胞因子上调，并被认为是导致气道粒细胞浸润的原因。我们检测了茶碱（一种神经扩张剂）的能力，以抵消GM-CSF和IL-5引起的人粒细胞存活的延长。茶碱加速粒细胞凋亡的作用是控制支气管哮喘的重要免疫调节作用。此外，我们还检测了唐氏综合征（DS）患者的中性粒细胞凋亡。DS患者的粒细胞生存期缩短，加速的粒细胞凋亡可能是预防DS患者慢性气道炎症和支气管哮喘的一个因素。超氧化物歧化酶基因位于21号染色体上，SOD可能是诱导细胞凋亡的关键酶。白塞病是一种以中性粒细胞功能增高为特征的慢性疾病。我们检查了己酮茶碱（一种膜流化器）在控制白塞病中的作用，并在儿童病例之间进行了进一步的研究。少

In iniflammatory sites, GM-CSF is mainly produced by macrophages and activated T cells. The inflammatory site is surrounded by macrophages and T cells, which are called satelite cells. Bactericidal ability of neutrophils is augmented and the cellular survival is prolonged by the treatment of GM-CSF.In contrast, G-CSF has a weaker effect, G-CSF is mainly produced by epithelium or fibroblast in stromal cells. The lower concentrations of GM-CSF enhance neutrophil chemotaxis, meanwhile the higher concentrations of GM-CSF induce the tight regulation of integrin adhesiveness and the specific localization of activated neutrophils to inflammatory sites. From these findings, GM-CSF is supposed to play as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in several diseases as ARDS and bronchial asthma.The unnecessary prolongation of neutrophil and augmentation of bactericidal ability may produce toxic substances. The regulation of granulocyte life and function has been proposed as a key mechanism for the inhibition … More of inflammatory disease and tissue damage. In bronchial asthma, cytokines as GM-CSF and IL-5 are upregulated and have been proposed to cause granulocyte infilitration in the airway. We examined the abilities of theophylline, a brochodilator, to counteract the prolongation of human granulocyte survival caused by GM-CSF and IL-5. Theophylline's effect to accelerate granulocyte apoptosis is an important immunomodulatory action in the control of bronchial asthma. In addition, we examined neutrophil apoptosis in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Granulocyte survival is shortened in DS individuals, accerelated apoptosis of granulocytes may be a factor to prevent chronic airway inflammation and bronchial asthma in DS.The superoxide dismutase gene resides on chromosome 21, SOD may be a key enzyme in the mechanism to induce cellular apoptosis.Behcet disease is a chronic condition in which the functions of neutrophils are characteristically increased. We examined the effect of pentoxifylline (a membrane fluidizer) in controlling Behcet disease, and further studies have been done between children's cases. Less