Prevention of normal tissue damage caused by primed neutrophils under the control of intracellular signal transduction

在炎症部位，GM-CSF主要由巨噬细胞和活化的T细胞产生。炎症部位周围是巨噬细胞和T细胞，它们被称为卫星细胞。GM-CSF可增强中性粒细胞的杀菌能力，延长细胞存活时间，而G-CSF的作用较弱，主要由基质细胞的上皮细胞或成纤维细胞产生。较低浓度的GM-CSF可增强中性粒细胞的趋化作用，而较高浓度的GM-CSF可导致整合素黏附的严密调节和激活的中性粒细胞特异性定位于炎症部位。根据这些发现，GM-CSF被认为在ARDS和支气管哮喘等疾病中发挥促炎细胞因子的作用。不必要的中性粒细胞延长和杀菌能力的增强可能会产生有毒物质。粒细胞寿命和功能的调节被认为是抑制…的关键机制更多的是炎性疾病和组织损伤。在支气管哮喘中，GM-CSF和IL-5等细胞因子表达上调，并被认为是导致粒细胞在呼吸道中的渗出。我们检测了支气管扩张剂茶碱对抗GM-CSF和IL-5引起的人类粒细胞存活延长的能力。茶碱促进粒细胞凋亡的作用是控制哮喘的重要免疫调节作用。此外，我们还检测了唐氏综合征(DS)患者中性粒细胞的凋亡。DS患者粒细胞存活时间缩短，粒细胞凋亡加速可能是DS患者预防慢性呼吸道炎症和哮喘的一个因素。超氧化物歧化酶基因位于21号染色体上，SOD可能是诱导细胞凋亡的关键酶。白塞病是一种中性粒细胞功能显著增强的慢性疾病。我们检查了己酮可可碱(一种膜流变剂)在控制白塞病方面的效果，并在儿童病例之间进行了进一步的研究。较少

In iniflammatory sites, GM-CSF is mainly produced by macrophages and activated T cells. The inflammatory site is surrounded by macrophages and T cells, which are called satelite cells. Bactericidal ability of neutrophils is augmented and the cellular survival is prolonged by the treatment of GM-CSF.In contrast, G-CSF has a weaker effect, G-CSF is mainly produced by epithelium or fibroblast in stromal cells. The lower concentrations of GM-CSF enhance neutrophil chemotaxis, meanwhile the higher concentrations of GM-CSF induce the tight regulation of integrin adhesiveness and the specific localization of activated neutrophils to inflammatory sites. From these findings, GM-CSF is supposed to play as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in several diseases as ARDS and bronchial asthma.The unnecessary prolongation of neutrophil and augmentation of bactericidal ability may produce toxic substances. The regulation of granulocyte life and function has been proposed as a key mechanism for the inhibition … More of inflammatory disease and tissue damage. In bronchial asthma, cytokines as GM-CSF and IL-5 are upregulated and have been proposed to cause granulocyte infilitration in the airway. We examined the abilities of theophylline, a brochodilator, to counteract the prolongation of human granulocyte survival caused by GM-CSF and IL-5. Theophylline's effect to accelerate granulocyte apoptosis is an important immunomodulatory action in the control of bronchial asthma. In addition, we examined neutrophil apoptosis in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Granulocyte survival is shortened in DS individuals, accerelated apoptosis of granulocytes may be a factor to prevent chronic airway inflammation and bronchial asthma in DS.The superoxide dismutase gene resides on chromosome 21, SOD may be a key enzyme in the mechanism to induce cellular apoptosis.Behcet disease is a chronic condition in which the functions of neutrophils are characteristically increased. We examined the effect of pentoxifylline (a membrane fluidizer) in controlling Behcet disease, and further studies have been done between children's cases. Less