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A comparative study of selected ethical issues at the patient's end of life : International and Japanese nurses' perceptions

患者临终时选定的伦理问题的比较研究：国际和日本护士的看法

基本信息

批准号：
09672413
负责人：
DAVIS Anne J.
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Nagano College of Nursing
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This international comparative study examined the perceptions or experiences of nurses regarding the ethical issues that arise in the care of the dying patient. The aim was to explore the social and cultural factors found in these ethical issues and discover similarities and differences across cultures. A questionnaire in English was developed that included a demographic sections and a data gathering section. The questionnaire was tested for content validity prior to sending to 150 international participants. The questionnaire was then translated into Japanese and administrated to a sample of 200 Japanese nurses. The response rate was 73.5% for Japanese nurses and 66% for international nurses. Content analysis of the data was undertaken. The Japanese nurses' end-of-life ethical concerns in rank order of frequency were : 1) Non disclosure of information to seriously ill patients(59), 2)Decisions made without including the patient(54), 3)Care environment which does not fit with terminally ill patients(34), 4)Inappropriate medical orders such as aggressive cure technology to very old or terminally ill patients(32), 5)Lack of choices of where to die(11). The international nurses' concerns were : 1)Right do die such as euthanasia, advance directive, and assisted suicide(25), 2)Time when treatment should be withdrawn(20), 3)Organ donation(9), 4)Who decides? (9), 5)Resource allocation(5), 5)Information disclosure such as to children/trans-cultural patients, and overwhelming amount of information.

这项国际比较研究探讨了护士对临终病人护理中出现的伦理问题的看法或经验。其目的是探讨这些伦理问题中的社会和文化因素，并发现不同文化之间的相似性和差异。编制了一份英文问卷，其中包括人口统计部分和数据收集部分。在发给150名国际参与者之前，对问卷进行了内容效度测试。然后将问卷翻译成日语，并对200名日本护士进行了抽样调查。日本护士的应答率为73.5%，国际护士为66%。对数据进行了内容分析。日本护士的临终伦理问题按频率排序为：1）不向重病患者披露信息（59），2）在不包括患者的情况下做出的决定（54），3）不适合绝症患者的护理环境（34），4）不适当的医疗命令，如对非常老或绝症患者的积极治疗技术（32），5）缺乏选择死在哪里（11）。国际护士关注的问题是：1）死亡的权利，如安乐死，预先指示，和协助自杀（25），2）治疗应该停止的时间（20），3）器官捐赠（9），4）谁决定？(9)5）资源分配（5）5）信息公开，如对儿童/跨文化患者，和压倒性的信息量。