Biomechanical Analysis on Cross-Country Skiing

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To evaluate the arm propulsion force in poling technique of cross-country skiing, a measurement system has been developed. The force was measured using biaxial strain gauges which were fixed at the lower end of the pole. For the data aquisition, a telemetry technique system has been applied. Sizeand weight of the attachment to the body were small enough for the skiing. With this system non-restraint measurement could be performed in an open-air environment, When the elite skier maintained the racing speed in a moderate uphill 'course, he showed greater peak forces in both poles and higher skiing speed than the ordinal skier.Another test with three top-level collegiate competitors revealed that both the poling force of a dominant side and the skiing speed were greater in the performance with abducted shoulder joint position than that with adducted shoulder position.