Detailed temporal and physiological dissection of limitations to water and nitrogen uptake efficiency

小麦是最重要的主食作物之一，粮食高产对全球粮食安全至关重要。在过去的世纪里，育种不断提高产量，但产量潜力越来越受到气候变化和作物投入监管限制相关挑战的抑制。更好地了解遗传和生理之间的相互作用，生理和代谢过程的源库活动是至关重要的，以优化适应性反应，限制产量潜力和占基因型 * 环境 * 管理（G*E*M）的相互作用。在以前的合作中，一个大型的欧洲优良冬小麦品种的小组在G*E*M背景下进行了广泛的表型分析。该项目的研究结果表明，几十年的选择导致染色体片段的积累，对与源和库相关的产量关键组成性状产生有利影响，如水分和养分利用效率、生物量、辐射拦截效率和绿色冠层持续时间。然而，这些假定的生理优势并不总是导致谷物产量增加。这表明，一个有效的重组的源和库性状作为产量的组成性状有很大的潜力，以提高遗传增益在广泛的环境和管理scenaries.The子项目2的目的是分析水和氮的吸收，一方面和他们的时间分布沿着生长季节的其他之间的相互作用。为此，通过使用两个互补的表型分析平台（DroughtSpotter XXL和Plantarray）以超高分辨率记录吸水量。这不仅可以跟踪整个生长季节的蒸腾模式，还可以在每一天内跟踪蒸腾模式，并将其与其他表型性状联系起来。与此同时，将进行多地点实地试验，对比水和氮的供应，并将使用多光谱反射测量以高分辨率记录生长动态。联合数据分析应导致确定小麦性状概况，允许最小的权衡冲突下各自的压力情景。与其他分项目合作，确定理想型和确定遗传决定因素是项目的最终目标。

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops and high grain yields are essential for global food security. Breeding raised yields continuously over the past century, however yield potential is increasingly suppressed by challenges associated with climate change and regulatory restrictions on crop inputs. A better understanding of the genetic and physiological interplay between physiological and metabolic processes underlying source-sink activities is vital to optimise adaptive responses that limit yield potential and to account for genotype*environment*management (G*E*M) interactions. In a previous collaboration, a large panel of elite European winter wheat cultivars was extensively phenotyped in a G*E*M context. Findings from this project suggest that selection over decades resulted in an accumulation of chromosome segments with favourable effects on source- and sink-related key component traits of yield, such as water and nutrient use efficiency, biomass, radiation interception efficiency and green canopy duration. However, these putative physiological advantages did not always result in increased grain yield. This suggests that an efficient recombination of source and sink traits as component traits of yield has great potential to enhance genetic gain in a wide range of environmental and management scenarios.The aim of the subproject 2 is to analyze the interactions between water and nitrogen uptake on the one hand and their temporal distribution along the growing season on the other. For this purpose, the water uptake is recorded in ultra-high resolution by using two complementary phenotyping platforms (DroughtSpotter XXL and Plantarray). This allows to track transpiration patterns not only over the whole growing season, but also within every single day and to relate them to other phenoytypical traits. In parallel, multi-site field experiments with contrasting water and nitrogen supply will be conducted and multispectral reflectance measurements will be used to record growth dynamics at high resolution. The joint data analysis should lead to the determination of wheat trait profiles that allow the smallest trade off conflicts under the respective stress scenarios. In cooperation with the other subprojects, the identification of ideotypes and the determination of genetic determinants represent the final project goal.