The Development of Capital Accumulation in the Coal Mining Industry and Its Social Foundation During the Meiji-Taisho Period --Focusing on the Research of Mitsubishi, Hokutan, Kaijima and Aso --

本课题的目的是分析明治大正时期日本煤矿工业资本积累的发展，厘清产业状况与社会基础之间的关系。研究结论如下：1。1877年至1897年间，Chikuho煤矿矿区（以前的Kama和Honami地区）的规模不断扩大。形成了选择矿区的条件。千穗都城通过对中心都城的对立和补充，实现了独立和现代化。1897年至1907年间，Kaijima在财务上从三井物产中独立出来，并在日俄战争前后对其管理和组织进行了现代化改造，从而成为了Chikuho最大的公司。利用战争带来的巨大利润，鹿岛试图实现经营多元化；但在20世纪20年代，由于煤矿行业的竞争，它采取了被动的合作政策。三菱在北海道的活动从大正时期开始增加。毕白煤矿被三菱收购后，开始快速发展，成为北海道最具实力的煤矿。同时，毕白也成为三菱公司北海道煤矿开采的中心。直到明治晚期，海外市场对煤炭工业来说是非常重要的。从第一次世界大战开始，该行业专注于国内市场。Chikuho煤炭业也跟着发生了这种变化，竞争变得不稳定，这为新的高排名公司形成垄断创造了条件。由于资本的积累，矿工的问题变得极其重要。Chikuho煤矿工会在每个煤矿的资本积累需要进行最小调整时进行干预，从而在劳工问题上取得了统一的结果。矿工组织的性质决定了劳资对立的性质。

The object of this project was to analyze the development of the capital accumulation of the Japanese coal mining industry during the Meiji-Taisho period, and to clarify the relationship between the industrial condition and social foundation. The conclusions are as follows:1. The size of the Chikuho coal mining lots (former Kama and Honami districts) increased between 1877 and 1897. and the conditions for the selected mining areas were formed.2. The Chikuho capital achieved independence and modernization by opposing and complementing the central capital. Between 1897 and 1907, Kaijima became financially independent from Mitsui and modernized its managenent and organization around the Russo-Japanese War,thus becoming the largest company in Chikuho. The Kaijima tried to diversify its Management with the huge profit from the war; but during the 1920's, it adopted a passive policy of cooperation due to the competition in the coal mining industry.3. Mitsubishi increased its activity in Hokkaido from the Taisho period. After the Bibai coal mine was bought by Mitsubishi, it began to show rapid growth and became the most powerful coal mine in Hokkaido. Also, Bibai became the center of the Mitsubishi's Hokkaido coal mining operation.4. Until the late Meiji period, the overseas market was very important to the coal industry. From WWI, the industry focused on the domestic market. The Chikuho coal industry also followed this change, and the competition became fluid which created a condition for the newly high-ranked companies to form monopoly.5. Due to the capital accumulation, the miners' problem became extremely important. The Chikuho coal mining industry's union were able to attain uniformed results in labor problem by intervening at a point where the minimum adjustment was necessary in capital accumulation of each mine. The nature of the miners' organization regulated the character of the opposition between labor and management.