The influences of climate factors caused by changing vegetation with development

植被随发展变化对气候因素的影响

• 批准号: 60302086
• 负责人: HORIGUCHI Ikuo
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1985 至 1986
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60302086/
• 关键词: Vegetation; Climate factor; air temperature; net radiation; 地中環境

The influences of the climate factors, i. e. air temperature, net radiation, evapotranspiratio and solar radiation, caused by changing vegetation were studied.The canopy temperature above paddy rice and grass higher than that of the forest, when the density of vegetations was thin. Howver, the canopy temperature of forest became equal to that of paddy rice and grass, when the canopys were grown up and the density of vegetations became thick. In conclusion, air temperature will be variable and will raise up, when the forest was changed to the paddy field and the grass land.The ratio of effective radiation to net radiation increased with increasing green covered area for above 60 % of greencovered area, and greencovered area was affected by the albedo that was expressed a equation;0.121 G + 10.321 C + 0.835 S + 3.406 ( G:greencovered area, C: continuous rain fall days, S: solar radiation over atmosphere ). Also the changing of the net radiation and the effect of night cooling by difference of vegetation were obsereved by using various canopy models. The longwave radiations from canopies are different for each canopy model, and consequently their surface temperatures and air temperatures changed.The heat budget under canopy is affected by thickness of vegetation and the heat transfer into soil became small with its thickness, otherhand, sensible heat and latent heat became large with it.

研究了植被变化对气温、净辐射、蒸散量和太阳辐射等气候因子的影响。当植被密度较薄时，稻田和草地上的冠层温度高于森林。而随着林冠的生长和植被密度的增加，森林的冠层温度逐渐与水稻和草地的冠层温度相等。综上所述，当森林变为水田和草地时，气温会发生变化，气温会升高。有效辐射与净辐射之比在绿化覆盖面积的60%以上随绿化覆盖面积的增加而增大，且绿化面积受反照率的影响，反照率为0.121 G + 10.321 C + 0.835 S + 3.406 （G：绿化覆盖面积，C：连续降雨日数，S：大气上太阳辐射）。利用不同的冠层模型，观测了不同植被对净辐射和夜间降温效应的影响。不同冠层模式的冠层长波辐射不同，导致冠层表面温度和大气温度的变化。林冠下热量收支受植被厚度的影响，向土壤传递的热量随植被厚度的增加而减小，感热和潜热随植被厚度的增加而增大。