Studies on the Adaptability of Protect Techniques against Agricultural Disaster by Recent Unusual Weather

1993年，日本北部遭遇了50年或100年一遇的酷暑灾害。同样是在1994年，日本西部发生了50年或100年一遇的严重干旱灾害。然而，由于近代水田环境的变化和农村社会结构的变化，农民对这些自然灾害的防护技术运用不足。调查是为了了解农村社会的实际情况。在东北和北海道地区，夏害研究组对保护技术的实际运行状况、农民不操作的原因、农民的思想等进行了调查。在深层漫灌这一具有代表性的保护技术中，东北地区有23%的农民没有操作，北海道有7%的农民没有操作。究其原因，东北和北海道地区均为挡高的运气，其次是农民对保护技术操作的努力运气。干旱灾害研究小组在中国、四国和九州进行了调查。农民不采用保护技术的主要原因是各县灌溉用水的绝对运气。还有一个原因是农民的劳动运气不好，没有足够的灌溉用水。

Northern Japan have had sever cool summer damage in 1993, such as once a time for fifty or a hundred years. Also in 1994, sever drought damage such as once a time for fifty or a hundred years has occured in Western Japan. However, the farmers were not able to operate protect techniques against these natural disasters enough, because of changing recent circumstance of paddy field and structures of rural society. Enquetes were performed for to know the actual state of rural society.Research group for cool summer damage has performed enquetes such as actual state of operation for protect techniques, reasons that farmers did not operate them, farmer's thinking and so on in Tohoku and Hokkaido. As for a representative protect technique, deep flood irrigation, 23% of farmers did not operate in Tohoku and 7% of farmers in Hokkaido. The most of the reason was luck of balk height in both Tohoku and Hokkaido, and then luck of farmer's effort for operation of protect technique.Research group for drought damage has performed enquetes in Chugoku, Sikoku and Kyushuu. The main reason that farmers did not operate the protect techniques, was absolutely luck of irrigation water in all prefectures. Also there was the reason about luck of farmer's labor in spit of enough irrigation water.