Studies on the Adaptability of Protect Techniques against Agricultural Disaster by Recent Unusual Weather

日本北部在1993年发生了严重的夏季凉爽灾害，例如50年或100年一次。同样在1994年，日本西部发生了50年或100年一遇的严重干旱灾害。然而，由于当前水田环境和农村社会结构的变化，农民对这些自然灾害的防护技术还不够熟练。调查对象为了解农村社会现状，东北、北海道夏凉危害课题组对保护技术的实际操作情况、农民不操作的原因、农民的想法等进行了调查。至于有代表性的保护技术--深水漫灌，东北有23%的农户没有作业，北海道有7%的农户没有作业。最主要的原因是东北和北海道的旱灾高度幸运，其次是农民努力操作保护技术的运气。干旱灾害课题组已经在中部、四国和九州进行了调查。农民不操作保护地技术的主要原因，是各地市灌溉用水的绝对幸运。也有农民劳动运气好的原因，因为有足够的灌溉水。

Northern Japan have had sever cool summer damage in 1993, such as once a time for fifty or a hundred years. Also in 1994, sever drought damage such as once a time for fifty or a hundred years has occured in Western Japan. However, the farmers were not able to operate protect techniques against these natural disasters enough, because of changing recent circumstance of paddy field and structures of rural society. Enquetes were performed for to know the actual state of rural society.Research group for cool summer damage has performed enquetes such as actual state of operation for protect techniques, reasons that farmers did not operate them, farmer's thinking and so on in Tohoku and Hokkaido. As for a representative protect technique, deep flood irrigation, 23% of farmers did not operate in Tohoku and 7% of farmers in Hokkaido. The most of the reason was luck of balk height in both Tohoku and Hokkaido, and then luck of farmer's effort for operation of protect technique.Research group for drought damage has performed enquetes in Chugoku, Sikoku and Kyushuu. The main reason that farmers did not operate the protect techniques, was absolutely luck of irrigation water in all prefectures. Also there was the reason about luck of farmer's labor in spit of enough irrigation water.