Studies on the Adaptability of Protect Techniques against Agricultural Disaster by Recent Unusual Weather

北方日本在1993年遭受了50年或100年一遇的严重夏季冷害。同样在1994年，日本西部发生了50年或100年一遇的严重旱灾。然而，由于近年来稻田环境和农村社会结构的变化，农民对这些自然灾害的防护技术还不够。为了了解农村社会的实际状况，进行了调查。夏季冷害研究小组在东北和北海道进行了保护技术的实际操作状况、农民不操作的原因、农民的想法等调查。至于代表性的保护技术，深漫灌，23%的农民没有在东北和7%的农民在北海道。在东北和北海道，最主要的原因是树干高度的偶然性，其次是农民在保护技术操作方面的努力。干旱灾害研究小组在中国、四国和九州进行了调查。各府县灌溉用水的运气是农民不采用保护技术的主要原因。此外，还有农民的劳动在足够的灌溉水吐运气的原因。

Northern Japan have had sever cool summer damage in 1993, such as once a time for fifty or a hundred years. Also in 1994, sever drought damage such as once a time for fifty or a hundred years has occured in Western Japan. However, the farmers were not able to operate protect techniques against these natural disasters enough, because of changing recent circumstance of paddy field and structures of rural society. Enquetes were performed for to know the actual state of rural society.Research group for cool summer damage has performed enquetes such as actual state of operation for protect techniques, reasons that farmers did not operate them, farmer's thinking and so on in Tohoku and Hokkaido. As for a representative protect technique, deep flood irrigation, 23% of farmers did not operate in Tohoku and 7% of farmers in Hokkaido. The most of the reason was luck of balk height in both Tohoku and Hokkaido, and then luck of farmer's effort for operation of protect technique.Research group for drought damage has performed enquetes in Chugoku, Sikoku and Kyushuu. The main reason that farmers did not operate the protect techniques, was absolutely luck of irrigation water in all prefectures. Also there was the reason about luck of farmer's labor in spit of enough irrigation water.