Basic and Applied Studies on Detergency of Textile Fabrics

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The equilliblium absorption data of ionic surfactants in vinylon and acetate are analyzed on the basis of the McGregor theory. The theoretical model was applicable to any surfactant-textile fiber system (A. Katayama). Capillary penetration and/or spreading of liquids on the textiles were studied by the measurements of the apparent contact angles and the velocities of spreading of drops. The apparent contact angles correlate to the geometrical structure of textiles and the spreading velocities are determined by the permeability of fibers and their surface free energies (T. Kawase). Glycerides were effective in lowering the interfacial tension at oil/water interface. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) added to the water phase interacted with monoglyceride at the oil/water interface, causing the spontaneous emulsification. The interaction between glycerides and SDS brings the high detergency (T. Fujii). Adhesion and removal of stearyl alcohol to and from substrates showed good correlation with the work of adhesion calculated from surface tensions (M.Saito). The temperature dependence on rate constants of removal processes suggested that the formation of liquid crystalline phases played an important role in oily soil detergent action (S. Kuroiwa, I. Yamada). Adhesion isotherms were obtained in the system of <Fe_2> <O_3> <H_2> O/polyester/n-alkane, and the relative affinity parameter was estimated (N. Watanabe). The deposition rate of latices onto fibers was investigated in terms of the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. The rate constants depend on the magnitude of energy barrier (K. Kawasaki). The detergency of standard soiled cloths with two-component soils was studied from the standpoint of the interactions between components (S. Nakanishi). Detachment of particulate soils by compressive impact (C. Tada), laminar flow (Y. Hikage) and electro-osmotic flow (M. Tagawa) was investigated from the viewpoint of mechanical force in detergency.