A model for spatial loudness summation of sounds with various temporal structures.

研究了声音的时空分布对响度的影响，结果表明：1)可以用能量求和模型（Leq）作为第一近似来评价来自不同方向的不同声音的响度。2)在混合声源中，一个突出的声音（如有意义的声音或移动的声音）倾向于成为“人物”(S)，其他声音倾向于成为“背景”(N)。“图”音的响度由信噪比决定。3)当“人物”和“背景”声音从不同方向呈现时，“人物”声音比从同一方向呈现时声音更大。移动的声音并不总是比固定的声音大。然而，如果它的动作引起注意，它的声音会更大。5)各种声音单次呈现时，其响度由Leq决定，呈现中的空间因素对响度影响不大。6)利用非稳态声音研究了听觉的动态特性。单耳和双耳声音呈现的结果不同，这表明刺激开始时的超调可能是由于时间掩蔽的影响。为了得出一个一般性的结论，需要进一步的调查。

The effect of temporal and spatial aspects of sounds on the loudness was investigated, and the result suggests the followings:1) It was made clear that the loudness of various sounds from various directions can be evaluated by an energy summation model (Leq), as a first approximation. 2) Among mixed sound sources, a prominent sound (e.g. a meaningful sound, or a moving sound) tend to become "figure" (S), and other sounds tend to become "background" (N). The loudness of "figure" sound is determined by S/N. 3) When "figure" and "backgound" sounds are presented from different directions, the "figure" sound is judged as being louder than when both sounds are presented from the same direction. 4) A moving sound is not always perceived as being louder than a fixed sound. However, it can be louder if its movement attracts attention. 5) When various sounds are monaurally presented, their loudness is determined by Leq, and spatial factors in the presentation has little effect on the loudness. 6) The dynamic characteristics of hearing was investigated using non-steady state sounds. The result was different between monaural and dichotic presentation of the sounds, which suggests the overshoot at the onset of the stimulus may be due to the effect temporal masking.Further investigation is needed in order to draw a general conclusion.