A model for spatial loudness summation of sounds with various temporal structures.

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The effect of temporal and spatial aspects of sounds on the loudness was investigated, and the result suggests the followings:1) It was made clear that the loudness of various sounds from various directions can be evaluated by an energy summation model (Leq), as a first approximation. 2) Among mixed sound sources, a prominent sound (e.g. a meaningful sound, or a moving sound) tend to become "figure" (S), and other sounds tend to become "background" (N). The loudness of "figure" sound is determined by S/N. 3) When "figure" and "backgound" sounds are presented from different directions, the "figure" sound is judged as being louder than when both sounds are presented from the same direction. 4) A moving sound is not always perceived as being louder than a fixed sound. However, it can be louder if its movement attracts attention. 5) When various sounds are monaurally presented, their loudness is determined by Leq, and spatial factors in the presentation has little effect on the loudness. 6) The dynamic characteristics of hearing was investigated using non-steady state sounds. The result was different between monaural and dichotic presentation of the sounds, which suggests the overshoot at the onset of the stimulus may be due to the effect temporal masking.Further investigation is needed in order to draw a general conclusion.