Origin of Eukaryotic Algae from a view point of chloroplast nucleoids in Cyanidium.

从原核生物到真核生物的进化，在内共生理论和直接亲缘学说之间已经讨论了很长时间。从细胞结构的真核程度的角度出发，我们最近的试验任务可以为这一讨论提供材料。其中，caldarium RK-1是真核生物中最重要的生物之一，具有细胞核、叶绿体和线粒体，是真核生物中最重要的生物之一。本研究采用DAPI染色和荧光显微镜（包括VIM-system）检测了细胞核和叶绿体类核中的DNA含量。这些数据与其他原核生物和真核生物进行了比较。荧光显微镜测定的蓝藻类核面积与单细胞大小的比值过高。而光子计数器测定的单细胞DNA含量在其他微藻中呈现平均值。光子数似乎与DNA含量几乎成正比。用这种方法计算的蓝藻细胞细胞核中的DNA数量比其他藻类细胞要少得多。但每个单细胞的DNA含量根据它们的小细胞大小呈现出一个平均值。细胞器类核与细胞核的DNA比值是生物进化真核程度的重要指标。RK-1的平均值为0.378，包括从0.198（年轻细胞）到0.454（老年细胞）。另外，M-8菌株在光生幼细胞中为1.247，在暗生幼细胞中为0.308。结果表明，RK-1菌株的杆状叶绿体类核（cn型）与蓝藻类相似，而M-8菌株的环状叶绿体类核（cl型）与藻类或硅藻类相似。采用气相色谱法对两株焦黄藻的烃类和脂肪酸进行了分析。这些结果表明，两种钙藻菌株之间存在相当大的差异，而蓝藻RK-1型可能是微藻中独特的，因为它含有大量的奇数碳数的正烷酸。少

The evolution from Prokaryote to Eukaryote has been discussed a long time between Endosymbiotic Theory and Direct Filiation Theory. The present task on our recent trials could offered a material for this discussion from a view point of eukaryotic degree of cell structure. Among them, Cyaniaium caldarium RK-1 which possesses each one of nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion, is one of the most important organisms as is situated in the lowest taxonomic position of Eukaryote. In the present study we used DAPI staining and Fluorescence Microscopy including VIM-system, and determined the DNA contents in the nucleus and chloroplast nucleoids. These data were compared with other Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms.The ratios of nucleoids area to single cell size determined by Fluorescence Microscopy presented exceeding high levels in Blue Green Algae. But the DNA contents per single cell determined by a photon counter presented the average values among other mocro-algae. Photon numbers cou … More nted with VIM-system seem almost proportional to DNA contents exactly. DNA in the nucleus of Cyanidium cells counted by this method indicate considerable small amounts than those of other algal cells. But the DNA contents per single cell presented about an average value according to their small cell sizes.DNA ratio of organelle nucleoid to nucleus significantly suggests to be an indicator of Eukaryotic degree in evolution. RK-1 has an average value of 0.378 which includes from 0.198(young cells) to 0.454(aged cells). Otherwise M-8 strain presented a value of 1.247 in light grown young cells, and 0.308 in dark grown young cells, respectively. We presented the result that RK-1 strain resembles to Cyanophyta type because of its rod shaped chloroplast nucleoid(CN-type), on the other hand M-8 strain resembles to Phaeophyt or Bacillariophyta bacause of its ring shaped chloroplast nucleoid(CL-type).Gaschromatographic analyses of hydrocarbons and fatty acids in two strains of Cyanidium caldarium were carried out. These results indicate a considerable difference between the two strains of Cyanidium caldarium,and Cyanidium RK-1 type may be unique among microalgae because it has a significant amount of odd-carbon numbered n-alkanoic acids. Less