THE STUDY ON SPACE COMPOSITION ABOUT FOLK HOUSES & THE VILLAGE IN TONAKI ISLAND, OKINAWA

一般来说，冲绳的民居是两个分离的房子风格，周围有红瓦（赤川原）屋顶，石头frnce和福木树林（福木是当地的一种树木）。但是我们在久米岛的调查结果是各种各样的风格。我们发现了建筑表达所依据的各种房屋建筑中的一些共性。当然，我们从1981年到1987年调查的久米和托纳基的共性并不适用于东西宽1200公里的另一个岛屿。从文献资料来看，空间构成原则上似乎有一些共性，但我们认为，在形式上，一些地方性的特征表现得更为明显。<THE VILLAGE>只有一个村庄的Tonaki提供了一个特殊的景观，因为我们认为，环境恶劣。一般来说，在日本（当然是在冲绳），房子的地面比街道高。然而，Tonaki的房屋比街道低。人们通过挖地来保护他们的房子免受强烈的海风和台风的侵袭。允许这种特殊条件的原因是岛上覆盖着厚厚的桑迪和排水良好的地面。房屋被挖倒率占72%。最深的房子在1.8米以下。<THE FOLK HOUSE>总平面图基本上遵循了冲绳地区的典型规律。在典型的规则中，有OMOTEZA（主空间）和URAZA（仆人空间）。大多数房屋在四个方向上都被石栅栏或福木树林（这种围栏被称为YASHIKIGAKOI）所包围。这类住房的比率为79%。主要的房子都朝南（92%）。许多房屋的平面图是NIBANZA（四室风格，即两个房间的OMOTEZA和其他两个房间的URAZA）带走廊。URAZA太小了，人们把它放在卧室或衣柜里。Tonaki的房屋规划要点是房屋有一个面向南方的规则形状，并在西北角被切断。

It's generally said that the folk-house in Okinawa is two-separated-house style surrounded with the red tile (AKAGAWARA) roof, the stone frnce and the Fukugi woods (Fukugi is a local tree). But the results of our servey in Kume Island are various styles. We found some commonnesses in house build of all varieties which architectual expression bases on. Of course, the commonnesse in Kume and Tonaki where we had investigated since 1981 to 1987 don't apply for another islands dotted in 1200km wide from east and west. According to literatures, it seems that there is some commomnesses in principle of space constitution, but we think that some local characteristics appear cleary in form.<THE VILLAGE>The Tonaki where there is only one village offers a particular landscape because of, we thinks, severe environment. Generally, houses in japan (of course in Okinawa) stand on higher grounds than streets. Houses in Tonaki, however, stand on lower grounds than streets. By means of digging down the ground, people protect their houses from strong sea breezes and the typhoons. The reason permitted the particular condition is that the island covers with the thick sandy and well drained ground. The rate of the digged down house is 72% of all. The dippest house stands on 1.8m under.<THE FOLK HOUSE>The plot plan follows generally the typical rule in Okinawa area. In the typical rule there are OMOTEZA (the master space) and URAZA (the servant space). Most houses are surrounded by the stone fence or the Fukugi woods (such inclosure is called YASHIKIGAKOI) at all four dirctions. the rate of such house is 79%. The main houses face to the south (92%). The plan of many houses is NIBANZA (the four-room style, that is, two rooms of OMOTEZA and the other two of URAZA) with corridor. URAZA is so small that people use it to their bed room or their closet. The point of house planning in Tonaki is that the house has a regular form faced to the south and is cut off the corner at north-west.