THE STUDY ON SPACE COMPOSITION ABOUT FOLK HOUSES & THE VILLAGE IN TONAKI ISLAND, OKINAWA

一般来说，冲绳的民宅是由红瓦（AKAGAWARA）屋顶、石屋和福木（福木是当地的一种树木）所包围的两房风格。但我们在久美岛的服务结果是各种各样的风格。我们发现了建筑表达所基于的各种类型的房屋建造的一些共性。当然，我们从1981年到1987年调查的久梅岛和托纳基岛的共同点并不适用于其他东西相距1200公里的岛屿。从文献上看，空间构成在原理上似乎有一定的共性，但我们认为在形式上有明显的地方性特征。村庄> Tonaki只有一个村庄，我们认为这是由于环境恶劣而形成的独特景观。一般来说，日本（当然在冲绳）的房子比街道高。然而，Tonaki的房屋地势比街道低。通过挖掘地面，人们保护他们的房子免受强烈的海风和台风。允许特殊条件的原因是岛上覆盖着厚沙和排水良好的地面。被挖倒的房屋占全部房屋的72%。最低的房子位于地下1.8米。<民宅b>总体规划遵循冲绳地区的典型规则。在典型的规则中，有OMOTEZA（主空间）和URAZA（服务空间）。大多数房屋四面八方都被石栅栏或福木（这种包围被称为YASHIKIGAKOI）所包围。这种房子的比率是79%。主要房屋朝南（92%）。很多房子的规划是NIBANZA（四室风格，即OMOTEZA的两个房间和URAZA的两个房间）带走廊。URAZA是如此之小，人们用它来他们的卧室或壁橱。Tonaki住宅规划的要点是，房子有一个面向南方的规则形式，并在西北角被切断。

It's generally said that the folk-house in Okinawa is two-separated-house style surrounded with the red tile (AKAGAWARA) roof, the stone frnce and the Fukugi woods (Fukugi is a local tree). But the results of our servey in Kume Island are various styles. We found some commonnesses in house build of all varieties which architectual expression bases on. Of course, the commonnesse in Kume and Tonaki where we had investigated since 1981 to 1987 don't apply for another islands dotted in 1200km wide from east and west. According to literatures, it seems that there is some commomnesses in principle of space constitution, but we think that some local characteristics appear cleary in form.<THE VILLAGE>The Tonaki where there is only one village offers a particular landscape because of, we thinks, severe environment. Generally, houses in japan (of course in Okinawa) stand on higher grounds than streets. Houses in Tonaki, however, stand on lower grounds than streets. By means of digging down the ground, people protect their houses from strong sea breezes and the typhoons. The reason permitted the particular condition is that the island covers with the thick sandy and well drained ground. The rate of the digged down house is 72% of all. The dippest house stands on 1.8m under.<THE FOLK HOUSE>The plot plan follows generally the typical rule in Okinawa area. In the typical rule there are OMOTEZA (the master space) and URAZA (the servant space). Most houses are surrounded by the stone fence or the Fukugi woods (such inclosure is called YASHIKIGAKOI) at all four dirctions. the rate of such house is 79%. The main houses face to the south (92%). The plan of many houses is NIBANZA (the four-room style, that is, two rooms of OMOTEZA and the other two of URAZA) with corridor. URAZA is so small that people use it to their bed room or their closet. The point of house planning in Tonaki is that the house has a regular form faced to the south and is cut off the corner at north-west.