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Molecular structures of amyloses of various plants

各种植物直链淀粉的分子结构

基本信息

批准号：
60560101
负责人：
TAKEDA Yasuhito
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60560101/
关键词：
Amylose Structure of branched molecule β-アミラーゼ限界デキストリン

项目摘要

The structures of amyloses from corn, rice, wheat, chestnut, kuzu, lily, nagaimo, tapioca and sweet potato were investigated in detail. The cereal amyloses were purified by the procedures involving ultracentrifugation, and the conventional autoclaving procedure was avoided, since it degraded the amyloses. There was almost no variety difference in the structures of amyloses each from rices (3 indica and 2 japonica varieties) and sweet potatoes (Koganesengan, Minamiyutaka and Norin-2 varieties). The molecular sizes of the amyloses ranged from the average degree of polymerization (d.p.) of 960 to 3280, and the cereal amyloses were smaller than the others. Most amyloses comprised 3-5 chains per molecule, but the tapioca and sweet potato amyloses had 8-10 chains. The structures of branched molecules of the amyloses were elucidated by the structural analyses of beta-limit dextrins of the amyloses. The wheat, nagaimo, lily, sweet potato and tapioca amyloses contained large branched-molecules, while the corn and chestnut amyloses had small ones. The corn, kuzu, nagaimo and lily branched-molecules had long inner chains (d.p., 150), while the chestnut and wheat amyloses had short ones (d.p., 60-91). The corn branched-molecules comprised the least 5 chains, while the wheat, tapioca and sweet potato had from 14-17 chains. The remainder had from 8-11 chains. The rice, wheat, chestnut and nagaimo amyloses contained low molar fractions (-1/3) of the branched molecules, while the sweet potato amylose had high molar fraction (-2/3). The remainder comprised nearly equal numbers of linear and branched molecules. These results indicate that the amyloses of various origins have their own characteristic structures.

对来自玉米、水稻、小麦、板栗、葛、百合、长岛、木薯和甘薯的直链淀粉的结构进行了详细研究。通过涉及超速离心的程序来纯化谷物直链淀粉，并且避免了传统的高压灭菌程序，因为它会降解直链淀粉。水稻（3 个籼稻品种和 2 个粳稻品种）和甘薯（Koganesengan、Minamiyutaka 和 Norin-2 品种）的直链淀粉结构几乎没有品种差异。直链淀粉的分子大小范围为平均聚合度（d.p.）960至3280，并且谷物直链淀粉比其他直链淀粉更小。大多数直链淀粉每个分子包含 3-5 个链，但木薯和甘薯直链淀粉有 8-10 个链。通过直链淀粉β-极限糊精的结构分析阐明了直链淀粉的支链分子的结构。小麦、长岛、百合、红薯和木薯直链淀粉含有大支链分子，而玉米和栗子直链淀粉含有小支链分子。玉米、葛、长岛和百合的支链分子具有长的内链（d.p.，150），而栗子和小麦的直链淀粉具有短的内链（d.p.，60-91）。玉米的支链分子至少包含 5 条链，而小麦、木薯和甘薯则有 14-17 条链。其余的有 8-11 条连锁店。水稻、小麦、板栗和长岛直链淀粉含有低摩尔分数(-1/3)的支链分子，而甘薯直链淀粉含有高摩尔分数(-2/3)。其余部分包含几乎相同数量的直链和支链分子。这些结果表明，不同来源的直链淀粉具有各自的特征结构。