A Fundamental Study of the Magazines of Sports and Physical Education in the Late Nineteenth Century and Early Twentieth Centuryin America,

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1. From the point of sport journalism, the publication of the magazines of sport and physical education in America came to have large volumes in the second half of 1870s. For about thirty years to the beginning of the twentieth century, one hundred fifty-six kinds of magazines were published.2. These magazines can be divided roughly into two main classes: Single-sport or special-sport magazine and General-sport magazine. Single-sport or special-sport magazines can be divided in detail into (1)"horse and horse race"centered information, (2) "hunting and shooting" centered information, (3)"athletics" centered information,(4) "out-door activities"centered information,(5)"bicycle and automobile"centered information,(6)"physical education and training"centered information, and (7) "others"centered information.3. The publication of single-sport or special-sport magazines correspond the social demand of readers in those days and closely related to prevalence of sport activities which require continual informations about each events.4. General sports magazines also attracted attention of readers. In "Outing", a leading magazine in those days, the proportion of description about field-sports, athletic-sports and outdoor sports was three to one to two.5. The magazine of physical education offered lots of informations about physical activity connected with education. These informations pervaded on general-sport magazines or general magazines which originally did not contain articles on sports as well.