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Studies on Growth and Meat Productivity of F_1 Cattle of Brahman X Japanese Black, Japanese Shorthorn, and Holstein Friesian . - Usefulness of the genetic character of Brahman Cattle -

婆罗门牛×日本黑毛牛、日本短角牛、荷斯坦弗里斯兰F_1牛生长及产肉率的研究。

基本信息

批准号：
61440020
负责人：
MIZUMA Yutaka
金额：
$ 11.2万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Twenty five of F_1 cattle(ZB,ZN and ZB) breeded by Japanese Black(BB), Japanese Short Horn(NN), and Holstein(HH) were produced in Experimental Farm of Tohoku University by means of A.I. with the semen of Brahman(ZZ) imported from Australia.1.Growth of F_1 calves: Heterosis were found on birth weights of F_1 and they are 113%(ZB),137%(ZN) and 125%(ZH) compared with purebreds. Gestation periods of F_1 groups were 5 to 7 days longer and body weights at 18 months of F_1 groups were about 50 Kg heavier than purebreds. 2.Utilization of roughage and basal metabolism: Utilization of roughage by 18 months old steers of ZB and BB with low quality timothy hay was investigated. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and dry matter of ZB were better than BB, but there were no differences on intake of hay. Basal metabolic rate of ZB was lower than BB calculated from respiration rate, expiration and heart rate. 3.Behavior and growth rate on pasture: Grass intakes of F_1 groups … More were more than purebreds, whereas purebreds almost never took it in the daytime. Walking distance per day of F_1 groups were 1.4 to 1.9 times long, and it was suggested that number of species of grass intake , feed intake and growth rates per feed intake were better than purebreds. Growth rate of 17 to 20 months old steers for 145 days on pasture were 93Kg(ZB:n=4) and 37Kg(BB:n=8), in spite of same average body weight at beginning. 4.Disease resistance for grazing: F_1 groups showed the disease resistance for Bovine Theileriosis and number of parasite of Horn Fly and House Fly within a year were lower in F_1.5.Fattening performance of steers: Days of fattening in F_1 groups were 50 and 90 shorter than NN and BB, respectively. F_1 groups have thinner back fat thickness, smaller lib eye area and lower dressing percentage. But, sensuous test, they can circulate as a popular meat. Analysis of fatty acids of meat and molecular weight distribution, F_1have genetic characters of Brahman. 6.Japanese breeds do not have such lower basal metabolic rate, high utilization of roughage and good grazing adaptability as Brahman, and it have remarkable genetic characters and is useful. Less

本试验在东北大学实验农场用日本黑（BB）、日本短角（NN）、荷斯坦（HH）三个品种杂交的F_1代牛（ZB、ZN、ZB）共25头。1. F_1代犊牛的生长：F_1代犊牛初生重具有杂种优势，ZB、ZN、ZH分别为纯种犊牛的113%、137%、125%。F_1代的妊娠期比纯系延长5~7天，18月龄体重比纯系增加50公斤左右。2.粗饲料的利用和基础代谢：研究了18月龄ZB和BB肉牛对低品质梯牧草粗饲料的利用。中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的消化率ZB均优于BB，但对干草的采食量差异不显著。根据呼吸、呼气和心率计算的基础代谢率，ZB组低于BB组。3.牧草上的行为和生长速率：F_1群体的采食量 ...更多信息比纯种狗多，而纯种狗几乎从不在白天服用。F_1组每天行走距离为纯种的1.4~1.9倍，表明其采食草种数、采食量和单位采食量的生长率均优于纯种。17~20月龄肉牛在放牧145天后的平均增重分别为93公斤（ZB：n = 4）和37公斤（BB：n = 8），而开始时的平均体重相同。4.放牧抗病性：F_1代对牛泰勒虫病表现出较强的抗病性，一年内角蝇和家蝇寄生虫数较低。5.肉牛育肥性能：F_1代育肥天数分别比NN和BB组短50天和90天。F_1组背膘厚、眼肌面积、屠宰率均较低。但是，感官测试，他们可以作为一个受欢迎的肉流通。脂肪酸组成和分子量分布分析表明，F_1代具有婆罗门的遗传特征。6.日本品种不具有婆罗门牛基础代谢率低、粗饲料利用率高、放牧适应性好等特点，具有显著的遗传性状，是一个有用的品种。少