Basic Research on the Minerals Related to High-Level Radioactive Wastes.

高放废物相关矿物基础研究。

• 批准号: 61430015
• 负责人: TOKONAMI Masayasu
• 金额: $ 12.16万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61430015/
• 关键词: Radioactive wastes; Microarea X-ray Diffractometer; Radioactive Minerals; STRIPA Project; Weathering; Microtexture; 稀土類元素; カ-ボナタイト; 稀土類鉱物

High-level radioactive wastes unavoidably remain whenever the used nuclear fuels are reprocessed for the next effective use. These wastes must be kept away from human being and animals in safety for a very long period. Thus, the search of the best way of their disposal is an emergency subject for the use of atomic energy. Most of researches on this problem are performed from technological point of view, however, basic researches of wasted substances are not strongly promoted.In this project, microtextures of minerals which are related to radioactive wastes are mainly investigated because such textures might be observed for the radioactive wastes after a geologically long period. In order to study microtextures, we investigated radioactive minerals or rare-earth minerals which are thought as analogues to show a future's feature for the radioactive wastes. As a result, behaviors of the process of transfer, concentration, substitution of various atoms will be clarified.Main contents which … More we contributed to these subjects are; (1) Developments of Microarea X-ray Diffractometer : Conventional microarea X-ray diffractometer is only available to take powder diffraction pattern of such a small area as 50mum, and it is difficult to get a crystallographic information from smaller area than that. We could get a crystallographic information from 10mum area by single crystal diffraction technique by making a control of a specially designed X-ray gonioneter combined with a developed soft-ware system. By this technique, it will become possible to identify small minerals and to analyze orientation relationship among minerals. (2) Many of rare-earth minerals which are obtained from alkali-carbonatite complexes of Brazil are studied on mineral assemblage, textures, weathering, element concentration etc. by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning microscopy, photon activation analysis and so on. These results will be available to expect the change of rocks around radioactive wastes. (3) International collaboration with overseas scientists in order to discuss geological environments for disposal of radioactive wastes. Tokonami contributed to potentially useful materials for sealing cracks of rocks. Less

无论何时使用过的核燃料进行再加工以供下一次有效利用，高放射性废物都不可避免地存在。这些废物必须长期安全地远离人类和动物。因此，寻找处置它们的最佳方法是利用原子能的一个紧急课题。对这一问题的研究大多是从技术角度进行的，而对废弃物质的基础研究却没有得到大力推进。本项目主要研究与放射性废物有关的矿物的微结构，因为放射性废物在经过较长的地质时期后可能会观察到这种结构。为了研究微结构，我们研究了放射性矿物或稀土矿物，它们被认为是放射性废物的类似物，以显示其未来的特征。因此，各种原子的转移、浓缩、取代过程的行为将得到澄清。我们对这些课题的贡献主要有：(1)微区x射线衍射仪的发展：传统的微区x射线衍射仪只能拍摄50mum这样小面积的粉末衍射图，很难在更小的面积上获得晶体学信息。通过对专门设计的x射线测角仪的控制，结合开发的软件系统，利用单晶衍射技术可以获得10mum区域的晶体学信息。利用该技术，可以识别小矿物，分析矿物间的取向关系。(2)采用x射线衍射、扫描显微镜、光子活化分析等方法，对巴西碱碳酸岩杂岩中大量稀土矿物的矿物组合、结构、风化、元素浓度等进行了研究。这些结果将用于预测放射性废物周围岩石的变化。(3)与海外科学家开展国际合作，探讨放射性废物处置的地质环境。Tokonami为封闭岩石裂缝提供了潜在的有用材料。少

项目成果

小澤徹: "X-ray diffraction study of some sulfosalts in the Riester-Minami mineral collection." In“Riester-Minami mineral collection"issued from Univ.Musium of Univ.TOKYO. 1-272 (1989)

Toru Ozawa：“Riester-Minami 矿物收藏中某些硫盐的 X 射线衍射研究”，《Riester-Minami 矿物收藏》，东京大学博物馆发行，1-272（1989 年）。

堀内弘之: "Crystal structures of mantle minerals and their implications for phase transition at high pressures" In“Dynamic Processes of Material Transport and Transformation in the Earth's Interior"(F.Marumo Ed.)(印刷中).

Hiroyuki Horiuchi：“地幔矿物的晶体结构及其对高压下相变的影响”，载于“地球内部物质传输和转化的动态过程”（F.Marumo Ed.）（出版中）。

SCHULTZ,A.J.: "Time-of-flight single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study of K_<0.26>WO_3." Acta Crystallogr. C42 641-644 1986.

SCHULTZ,A.J.：“K_<0.26>WO_3 的飞行时间单晶中子和 X 射线衍射研究。”

HORIUCHI,H.: "MgSiO_3(perovskite-type);Single-crystal X-ray diffraction Study." Amer. Mineral. 72 357-360 1987.

HORIUCHI,H.：“MgSiO_3（钙钛矿型）；单晶 X 射线衍射研究。”

小澤徹: "ブラジル南部、カ-ボナタイト地域産の磁鉄鉱の研究" 日本鉱物学会講演要旨集. PA18-PA18 (1989)

Toru Ozawa：“巴西南部碳酸岩地区磁铁矿的研究”日本矿物学会摘要 PA18-PA18（1989 年）。