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Reconstruction of the leaf and stem-proteins into harvest organ-proteins during ripening in various crops.

在各种作物成熟过程中将叶和茎蛋白重建为收获器官蛋白。

基本信息

批准号：
61560068
负责人：
OSAKI Mitsuru
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) Amounts of dry matter, sugars, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignine, free amino acids (including amides) and protein-amino acides in the leaves, stems and harvest organs of rice, maize, soybean, and potato plants were determined at the maximum shoot-weight stage and at maturity.2) During the course of harvest organ filling, the amount of dry weight of the leaves-and-stems were kept constant in rice and maize, and decreased in soybean and potato. Proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose of leaves-and-stems were large in rice and maize, and were small in soybean and potato. From these facts it is appropriate to consider that cell walls of rice and maize were not degradable, but those of soybean and potato were.3) Major free amino acids in the leaves and the stem were aspartate, glulamate, asparagine, and glutamine; proportions of various amino acids varied with age, by organ and among crop.4) Composition of amino acids of proteins were almost consistent regardless to organ, age and crop. However, amino acid composition of proteins in an organ was diffent from that of free amino acids in the organ. These facts suggest that during the course of translocation of nitrogen from the leaves to harvest organs, complicated reorganization of carbon of amino acids take place in the leaves and again the harvest organs.

1) 在最大茎重阶段和成熟期测定水稻、玉米、大豆和马铃薯植物的叶、茎和收获器官中干物质、糖、淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、游离氨基酸（包括酰胺）和蛋白质氨基酸的含量。 2) 在收获器官灌浆过程中，水稻和茎叶和茎的干重保持恒定。玉米，大豆和马铃薯减少。水稻和玉米叶和茎中纤维素和半纤维素的比例较大，大豆和马铃薯的叶和茎中纤维素和半纤维素的比例较小。从这些事实可以适当地认为水稻和玉米的细胞壁是不可降解的，而大豆和马铃薯的细胞壁是可降解的。3）叶和茎中的主要游离氨基酸是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺；各种氨基酸的比例随年龄、器官和作物的不同而变化。4)蛋白质的氨基酸组成几乎一致，无论器官、年龄和作物如何。然而，器官中蛋白质的氨基酸组成与器官中游离氨基酸的组成不同。这些事实表明，在氮从叶子转移到收获器官的过程中，氨基酸碳的复杂重组在叶子和收获器官中发生。