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Investigation and application of adaptation strategies of plant roots to acid soil.

植物根系酸性土壤适应策略研究及应用

基本信息

批准号：
16208008
负责人：
OSAKI Mitsuru
金额：
$ 25.63万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16208008/
关键词：
Acid Soil Root Exudates Secretory Protein Organic Acids Aluminum Mucilage Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Phosphorus 根圏

项目摘要

This study aimed to solve problems on acid soils for utilization as arable soils. Critical problems of acid soil are 1) toxicity of metallic ions and 2) phosphorus starvation. Some plant species have been developed some strategies to adapt on acid soils. We have shown that the several root exudates bring the tolerance to stresses on acid soils. Therefore, the secreting abilities of plant roots were investigated in this study.A gene for secretory acid phosphatase isolated from white lupin, which is well known as a phosphorus tolerative plant, was introduced into tobacco plants. The growth and phosphorus acquisition of transgenic plant were improved from wild type plants. To investigate the secreting ability of organic acid, which can liberate inorganic phosphate from sparingly soluble forms, malate exudation of Arabidopsis was chosen as a model. It was indicated that malate release was induced by the up-regulation of malate transporter protein. The induction of malate transporter expres … More sion by aluminum was specific in the root tips and internal tissues of roots, suggesting that the mechanism is regulated to minimize the carbon consumption. It is concluded that site-specific regulation of the transporters is required to improve the inorganic phosphate uptake ability.It was suggested that the specificities of mucilage, consisted of polysaccharides, in the root exudates differed among plant species. The highest affinities of mucilage of Melastoma malabathricum and maize were shown with trivalent and divalent cations, respectively. The affinity of mucilage of Melastoma malabathricum was high to aluminum ion, though the binding strength was quite lower than that of maize. It was supposed that not only the composition of sugar but also methylation of uronic acids were involved in the differences of adsorption specificity to the cation. Separation and purification of substances involved in the elongation of mycorrhizal hyphae was conducted. It was succeeded that an A2 fraction, which induced an elongation and secondary and further branching of mycorrhizal hyphae was obtained from root exudates of onion. Less

本研究旨在解决酸性土壤作为耕地的问题。酸性土壤的关键问题是1）金属离子的毒性和2）磷饥饿。一些植物物种已经发展了一些策略来适应酸性土壤。我们已经表明，几种根分泌物带来的耐受性，对酸性土壤的压力。为此，本研究以耐磷植物白色羽扇豆为材料，将其分泌型酸性磷酸酶基因导入烟草植株中。转基因植株的生长和磷的吸收均比野生型植株有所改善。为了研究拟南芥分泌有机酸的能力，以苹果酸分泌为模型，研究了拟南芥分泌有机酸的能力。结果表明，苹果酸释放是由苹果酸转运蛋白表达上调引起的。苹果酸转运蛋白表达的诱导 ...更多信息铝离子的锡永在根尖和根的内部组织中是特异性的，表明铝离子的作用机制是通过调节碳的消耗来实现的。说明植物根系分泌物中的粘液（由多糖组成）对无机磷的吸收具有特异性，不同植物根系分泌物中的粘液对无机磷的吸收具有不同的特异性。三价和二价阳离子分别对马拉巴赤霉和玉米粘液的亲和力最高。苹果树粘液对铝离子的亲和力较高，但结合强度远低于玉米粘液。推测糖的组成和糖醛酸的甲基化程度是影响其对阳离子吸附专一性差异的重要因素。对参与菌根菌丝伸长的物质进行了分离纯化。从洋葱根系分泌物中分离到一个能诱导菌丝伸长、次生分枝和进一步分枝的组分A2。少