A study of the effect of perceptual traiing on a tennis net-player's anticipation

摘要本研究旨在探讨知觉训练对网球手预判的影响。进行了两个实验。实验结果如下：1.实验结果表明：知觉训练对对方传球者回传预期的影响（实验1）。在预训练预期测试中，初学者（1年经验）对-6系列电影（继续播放到预冲击第6帧）的平均答对率为50%，对-4系列电影的平均答对率为58%，对-2系列电影的平均答对率为66%，对0系列电影的平均答对率为68%（对冲击）。在每个系列中，初学者的数值明显小于高级玩家，后者的数值为68-95%。高级和初学者都注意拍和球，前者注意传球者的肩膀，后者注意传球者的脚。这种差异是显著的。然后初学者被分成两组。其中一组（KR组）观看了影片的其余部分，另一组（指示组）则接受了“KR和co”的指导。在训练后预期测试中，KR的平均正确率为60-79%，被训导的平均正确率为70-87%。在-6和0的电影系列中，被训导员的值明显大于被训导员。在训练后测试中，被训导员的眼球运动变化没有出现在被训导员身上，他们在训练后测试中更关注过路人的肩膀而不是他的脚知觉训练对对方传球回传反应时间的影响（实验二）。在反应时间（RT）测试中，高水平运动员在+8（显示撞击后球）的电影系列中的平均RT为264 msec，在0（显示撞击后球）的平均RT为241 msec。在训练前RT测试中，中介者（3年以上经验）和初学者（1-3年经验）的数值均显著大于高级。然而，在训练后的RT测试中，两组在训练过程中给予指导、KR和评论的RT都明显缩短。中介人的平均RT在+8和0分别为161和149 msec。在这两个电影系列中，它们显示的值明显小于先进的。初学者的平均RT为218 msec和188 msec。初学者的值比高级组小，但比中间组大。这些结果表明，知觉训练与电影是有效的提高预期和反应时间对对方的传球。少

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a pereptual training on a tennis net-player's anticipation. Two experiments were conducted. The results were as follows:1. The effect of perceptual trainin on the anticipation of the opposing passer's return (Experiment 1).In a pre-training anticipation test, the mean right answer rate of the beginners (one year experienced) was 50% on the film series of -6 (comtinue to show the film to the pre-impact 6th frame), 58% on the -4, 66% on the -2, and 68% on the 0 (to the impact). In each of the series, the beginners showed significantly smaller values than advanced players, whose values were 68-95%. Both the advanced and the beginners gave attention to a racket and a ball, the former to a passer's shoulder, but the latter to a passer's feet. This difference was significant. Then the beginners were divided into two groups. One, KR group, was shown the rest of the film, and the other, instructed group was given instruction, KR and co … More mment in the training session. In the post-training anticipation test, the mean right answer rate of the KR was 60-79% and that of the instructed was 70-87%. In the film series of -6 and 0, the insturcted showed significantly larger values than the KR. The change of eye-movement did not appear in the KR , but did in the instructed, who gave attention to a passer's shoulder rather than his feet in the post-training test.29 The effect of perceptual training on reaction time to the opposing passer's return (Experiment 2).In the reaction time (RT) test, the mean RT of advanced players was 264 msec on the film series of +8 (showing a post-impact ball), and 241 msec on the 0 (to the impat). In the pre-training RT test both intermediaries (above 3-year experienced) and beginners (1-3year experineced) showed significantly larger values than the advanced. However, in the post-training RT test, the RT of both groups, given instruction, KR, and comment in the training session, was signficantly shortened. The mean RT of the intermediaries was 161 msec on the +8 and 149 msec on the 0. In both film series, they showed signficantly samller values than the advanced. The mean RT of beginners was 218 msec and 188 msec. The beginners showed smaller values than the advanced, but larger values thanthe intermediaries.These results suggested that perceptual training with the film was effective on improvement in anticipation and reaction time to the opposing passer's return. Less