Total Research of Female Labour Market in Transition

该项目的目的是解释日本女性劳动力市场的变化过程，由于产业结构的变化以及《平等就业机会法》的颁布，日本女性劳动力市场正处于转型期。通过对该项目的统计分析和调查研究，得出以下结论：1.统计分析结果表明，就业机会理论比额外收入理论更能合理地解释女性劳动力市场进入动机。2.通过对女工行为的实证研究发现，女工行为主要支持工作机会理论，但具体而言，婚姻、生育、家庭模式、学历和职业类型等因素对女工行为也有影响。3.女工劳动供给行为存在着实质性的地区差异。这种差异也主要由就业机会来解释。然而，4.根据我们对家庭经济的分析，生活费用的增加和负担能力与女性劳动力的增加有关。因此，如何解释就业机会与家庭经济状况之间的关系仍然是一个重要的课题。最后，我们对企业人事政策的调查研究表明，虽然它们一方面引入了跟踪人事管理制度，这可能会保持和/或再现男女之间的歧视，但另一方面，它们正逐渐变得平等对待女性员工和男性员工。企业政策的变化也会对女工在劳动力市场的行为产生影响。

The aim of this project is to explain the changing process of the female labour market in Japan, which is in transition due to the change of the industrial structure as well as the enactment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law. The statiscal analysis and fact-finding study of this project shows the following results. 1.The result of statiscal analysis shows that the job opportunity theory explains more reasonably the entry motives of female wokers to labour market than the additional income theory do. 2.The evidences found by our fact-finding studies about the behaviors of female workers support mainly the job opportunity theory, though, in detail, the factors such as marriage, childbirth, pattern of family, academic background and/or occupatinal type have influence on the behaviors. 3.There are the substancial regional differences of labour supply behavior of female workers. The differences are also mainly explained by the job opportunities. However, 4.Depending on our analysis of the household economy, the increase and inflexibility of the living cost relates to the increase of female workforces. So it is still the important theme how to explain the relation between the job opportunities and the conditions of household economy. Lastly, our fact-finding study about the personal policies of the firms shows that, though on the one hand they introduce the tracking personal management system which can keep and/or reproduce the discrimination between mem and women, on the other hand they are gradually becoming to deal with the female employees evenly to the male employees. The changing policies of firms will also have influence on the behavior of female workers in labour market.