Functions and Characteristics of Person Schema in the Processing of Interpersonal Information

当我们感知一个人的时候，常常会发生他也在观察我们，并试图对我们做出一些判断。在那些面对面的情况下，我们对他人的感知通常会受到我们的伴侣的反应的影响。这种相互性一直是人的知觉和人际吸引领域的研究热点之一，但在社会信息处理方法中尚未引起足够的重视。本研究旨在从信息加工方式的角度考察在人际交往情境中，当我们遇到客体时，我们是如何加工信息的。为此，我们做了两个实验。第一个实验是考察当我们期望在面对面的情况下与目标人物见面时，我们如何处理人际信息，并与我们不会见到他并且不期望被他评判的情况进行比较。第二个实验的目的是考察和描述当我们的同伴对我们表现出积极或消极的反应时，我们是如何加工人际信息的，这两个实验的结果表明，对见面的期望以及对象人的反应对人际信息的加工有很大的影响。他们给了我们一个如下的假设：存在这样一种可能性，即在互动的情境中，来自伴侣的负面反应可能会阻止我们进一步处理关于那个伴侣的信息，也就是说，最初我们对伴侣将如何对我们做出反应做出判断。如果他的反应是肯定的，我们将继续处理进一步的信息。然而，当消极时，信息的处理似乎停止了。

When we perceive a person, it often occurs that he also observes us and try to make some judgement on us. In those face-to-face situation, our perception of others is usually effected by the reactions of our parther. Such kind of mutuality has been one of major interests in the field of Person Perception and Interpersonal Attraction, but it has not attracted yet big attention in Social Information Processing Approach. Present stury aimed to examine and how we process information when we meet the object person in in interpersonal situation from a view point of Information Processing Approach. For this purpose two experiments were made. The first experiment was to examine how we process interpersonal information when we expect to meet the object person in the face-to-face situation, comparing to the situations when we will not meet him and do not expect to be judged by him. Purpose of the second experiment was to examine and descride how we process interpersonal information when our parther shows either positive or negative reactions to us.The results of these two experiments show that expectation of meeting the object person as well as reactions of the object person greatly affects the processing of interpersonal information. And they give us a following assuption: there exists a possibility that negative reactions from a parther in an interactive situation may preclude us from processing forther information about that perther, that is to say, initially we from a judgement as to how our partner will react us. If he reacts positively, we contiune to process further information. When negative, however, the processing of information appears to halt.