The effect of symmeteic outcome dependency on interpersonal infommation proassing

本研究考察了知觉者和目标者在对称结果依赖情境下人际信息加工的文化差异。我们在日本和美国进行了三次实验。1^&lt；st&gt；实验结果表明，在结果依赖不对称的情况下，两国都普遍存在积极偏向。然后，在第二个实验中，我们考察了对称结果依赖情境中也存在积极偏向。结果表明，不同的动机与积极偏向有关，即关系导向动机在日本发生了积极偏向，在美国与自我提升动机有关。然后，在第三个实验中，我们试图考察在对称性评价结果依赖情境下，在明确伴侣自我评价的情况下，日本和美国在关于伴侣的信息收集行为和对伴侣的反应方面存在什么样的差异，并解释了产生差异的原因。结果表明，总的来说，日本人和美国人都关注伴侣对他们的看法。然而，检查搜索的内容表明，美国参与者似乎对伴侣对他们的印象非常感兴趣，而日本参与者更感兴趣的是他们是被伴侣接受还是拒绝。基于这一发现，我们认为，美国人强调自我理解，日本人强调与他人的关系，这种在文化自我中观察到的倾向也存在于人际信息加工层面，作为对人际关系的元期望。

We examined cultural differences of the interpersonal information processing when a perceiver and a target person are in symmetric outcome dependency situation. We conducted three experiments in Japan and USA. The results of the 1^<st> experiment showed that the positivity bias exists commonly in both countries in an asymmetric outcome dependency situation as expected. Then, we examined that the positivity bias also occurs in the symmetric outcome dependency situation in the second experiment. The results showed that different motives related to positivity bias, namely relation oriented motive occurred positivity bias in Japan ,and self-enhancement motive related to it in USA.Then, in the 3^<rd> .experiment, we attempt to investigate when in the symmetric evaluative outcome-dependency situation, after being clear of partner's evaluation for oneself what kind of differences exist between Japan and US in terms of information gathering behavior regarding the partner and reaction to the partner, and explain the reasons for the differences. The results indicate that in general both Japanese and Americans focus on how the partner think of them. However, examining the content the search indicates that US participants appear to hold a strong interest in the partner's impression of them whereas Japanese participants take more interest in whether they are accepted or rejected by the partner. Based on this finding, we assume that the tendency that is observed in the cultural self Le., Americans stress self-understanding and Japanese stress relationship with others, also exists in the interpersonal information process level as a meta-expectation for interpersonal relationship.