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Research on the monetary usage in the Western early Middle Ages

西方中世纪早期货币使用研究

基本信息

批准号：
62530046
负责人：
MORIMOTO Yoshiki
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. During the last 25 years, European scholars have accumulated, mainly thanks to the development of numismatics, a wide range of knowledges on the monetary history of the early Middle Ages.2. The mentions of money payment in the written records are dispersed and often limited to an indication of the paid sum, so that it is very difficult to use them on the basis of an individual research.3. European scholars come to evaluate favorably the historical significance of the silver mono-metallism with penny coins. This stream bases itself on the following newly verified facts. (1)The silver mono-metallism comprised also the 8th century. (2)Since early dates, the influence of penny coins was strong also in England, Frisia, Italia etc. (3)The number of coined and circulated pence was enormous. (4)The penny coin functioned also as means of treasure. (5)Holders of the right of coinage used efficiently their monetary prerogative. (6)Their monetary policy made possible a simultaneous circulation of various pence with different silver contents. (7)The use of substitutes for money was limited.4. Details of money usage in the everyday life of the populace are not yet clarified even with the rich results obtained by European researchers.5. Although the pence are silver coins with an intrinsic value, they were easily subject to the maniputation by the holders of right of coinage. In this sense, the monetary theory underlining the state power in monetary matters is also valid in the monetary history of the early Middle Ages.6. The penny functioned as a all-purposed money. It is dangerous to apply the concepts of the money formulated by economic anthropologists directly to the monetary history of the Western early Middle Ages.7. Traditional general descriptions of economic history and money history underestimate the silver monometallism in the Western early Middle Ages.

1.在过去的25年里，欧洲学者积累了大量关于中世纪早期货币历史的知识，这主要归功于钱币学的发展。书面记录中关于金钱支付的提及是分散的，而且往往仅限于表明支付的金额，因此很难根据个人研究来使用它们。欧洲学者对便士硬币的银单一金属制的历史意义给予了积极评价。这一趋势是基于以下新证实的事实。（1）银一元金属主义也包括在世纪。（2）早期以来，便士硬币的影响在英格兰、弗里西亚、意大利等地也很大。（3）铸造和流通的便士数量巨大。（4）便士硬币也起着寻宝的作用。（5）债权人有效地使用了他们的货币特权。（6）他们的货币政策，使不同银含量的各种便士同时流通成为可能。（7）货币替代品的使用受到限制。即使欧洲研究人员获得了丰富的结果，人们在日常生活中使用货币的细节仍然没有得到澄清。虽然便士是具有内在价值的银，但它们很容易受到铸币权持有者的操纵。在这个意义上，强调国家在货币事务中的权力的货币理论在中世纪早期的货币史上也是有效的。便士作为通用货币发挥作用。将经济人类学家所提出的货币概念直接应用于中世纪早期西方的货币史是危险的。传统的经济史和货币史的一般描述低估了西方中世纪早期的银货币主义。