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Highly-Dispersed and Highly-Functional Ni Electrode Catalyst Prepared by a New CVI Method for Application to Molten Salt Type Fuel Cell

新CVI法制备高分散高功能镍电极催化剂应用于熔盐型燃料电池

基本信息

批准号：
62550575
负责人：
UCHIJIMA Toshio
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We aimed to prepare highly-dispersed and highly-functional Ni metal electrode catalyst of high chemical and thermal stability, which could be applied to molten salt type tuel cell.A new chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method was explored to coat the surface of garbon fibers by tic for obtaining supporting materials of metals. The effect of reaction conditions such as temperature, time on stream and vapor pressure on TiC formation was systematically investigated by heating a carbon fiber samplein a infra-red image furnace under a H_2/TiCl_4 mixed gas diluted with Ar. Ten kinds of carbon fibers, obtained from pitch, PAN and rayon etc. by thermal treatment at different temperatures, were used as samples. TiC formation was evaluated by XRD, weight analysis, chemical analysis and SEM methods. Over all samples, the reaction was found to start over around 1000 ゜C, though the conditions depended much on the preparation of raw materials, i.e., especially their thermal treatment temperature. The time course of reaction, its dependency on partial pressures and reaction temperature and the nonstoichimetric composition of products (TiC_<0.8>) were examined intensively.On a sample of active carbon fiber, an interesting texture of TiC,i.e., a felt-like porous structure consisting of fine TiC fibrils of ca. 0.1 micron, was obtained. This product was tested as a suppour for Pt and Ni. 7% Pt/TiC//C prepared by an impregnation of H_2PtCl_6 showed a high dispersion of 0.6, and it was stable up to 500゜C in H_2. However, TiC was oxidized at 400゜C in O_2, accompanying severe sintering of Pt particles. The degree of dispersion of 0.04 was attained on 5% Ni/TiC//C prepared by an impregnation of [Ni(CN)_4]^<-2> complex ion, with its stability up to 500゜C in h_2. This is a promising value, considering that Ni is usually difficult to be finely dispersed on conventional supports. O

为了制备高分散、高功能、高化学稳定性和热稳定性的熔盐型钛合金电池用镍金属电极催化剂，探索了一种新的化学气相渗透（CVI）方法，在碳纤维表面包覆TiC作为金属电极载体材料。在红外热像炉中，以Ar稀释的H_2/TiCl_4混合气体为气氛，系统地研究了反应温度、反应时间和蒸汽压等条件对TiC生成的影响。以沥青、聚丙烯腈、人造丝等为原料，经过不同温度热处理后得到的十种碳纤维为样品。通过XRD、重量分析、化学分析和SEM等方法对TiC的形成进行了评价。在所有样品中，发现反应在1000 ℃左右开始，尽管条件在很大程度上取决于原料的制备，即，特别是它们的热处理温度。研究了反应时间、分压和反应温度对反应的影响以及产物（TiC_2）的非化学计量组成<0.8>，在活性炭纤维样品上观察到了一种有趣的TiC织构，毡状多孔结构，由约100 μ m的细TiC纤维组成。0.1微米，获得。该产品作为Pt和Ni的补充剂进行测试。用H_2PtCl_6浸渍法制备的7%Pt/TiC//C分散度为0.6，在500 ℃的H_2中稳定。而在400 ℃时，TiC在O_2中被氧化，并伴随着Pt颗粒的严重烧结。用[Ni（CN）_4]_4络合离子浸渍法制备的5%Ni/TiC//C，其分散度可达0.04<-2>，在500 ℃氢气中稳定。这是一个有前途的价值，考虑到镍通常是难以精细分散在传统的支持。O