A Study on Mullerian Differentiation Conducting Factors

来自胎儿体腔上皮及其间质的一对苗勒管形成输卵管、子宫、宫颈和上阴道，苗勒管上皮在各自的部位分化为纤毛细胞、子宫内膜细胞、粘液细胞和鳞状细胞。卵巢表面上皮是另一种体腔上皮源性组织，常存在于卵巢间质中，呈苗勒型分化，可导致卵巢常见上皮性肿瘤的形成。然而，促进体腔上皮源性组织的苗勒型分化的因素尚不清楚。对胎儿输卵管、子宫和宫颈发育的超微结构研究表明，在妊娠20周时，纤毛细胞首先出现在输卵管中，然后在子宫和宫颈中出现分泌细胞。之后，在妊娠40周时，宫颈出现粘液分化。因此，穆勒式的epi…在胎儿期，更多的生殖器在女性生殖道的不同部位有各自的分化时间。对手术切除的标本进行了细致的病理学研究，强烈表明腹膜和卵巢表面上皮均来源于体腔上皮，具有转化为苗勒型上皮细胞及其间充质(子宫内膜间质细胞和平滑肌细胞)的潜力。这支持了腔体上皮源性组织的次级米勒氏系统的概念。对CA125的研究表明，随着胎儿女性生殖道的发育，CA125阳性逐渐出现在苗勒氏上皮中。提示CA125是一种与苗勒上皮细胞分化密切相关的抗原。兔卵巢表面上皮细胞的体外培养研究试图在培养液中加入各种因素将其转化为苗勒型细胞，但未能对培养细胞进行苗勒式分化。而在培养液中加入雌二醇或卵巢浆液性癌囊液均能促进细胞生长。目前尚无直接证据证明卵巢表面上皮细胞存在诱导苗勒氏分化的因子，但CA125被认为是与苗勒氏分化密切相关的抗原。因此，包括对CA125的研究在内，进一步研究苗勒氏分化。因此，包括对CA125的研究在内，进一步研究苗勒氏分化传导因子可能为卵巢癌的治疗提供新的途径是必要的。较少

The paired mullerian ducts derived from the fetal coelomic epithelium and its mesenchyme give rise to the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina, and the mullerian epithelium differentiates into mullerian-type cells such as ciliated, endometrial, mucinous and squamous cells at respective parts. Surface epithelium of the ovary, another coelomic epithelium-derived tissue, is often included in the ovarian stroma and shows mullerian-type differentiation which results in the formation of common epithelial tumors of the ovary. Nevertheless, the factor which facilitates mullerian-type differentiation of coelomic epitheliumderived tissues is unknown. The ultrastructural studies of the development of the fetal fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix revealed that ciliated cells first appear in the tubes by 20 weeks of gestation, and then secretory cells in the uterus and cervix. Afterward mucinous differentiation occurs in the cervix by 40 weeks of gestation. Therefore, the mullerian epi … More thelia have respective times of differentiation at respective parts of the female genital tract during the fetal period. Meticulous pathological studies on surgically removed specimens strongly suggested that the peritoneum and ovarian surface epithelium, both of which are derived from the coelomic epithelium, have potentiality to transform into cells of mullerian-type epithelia and their mesenchyme (endometrial stromal cells and smooth muscle cells). This supported the concept of secondary mullerian system of coelomic epithelium-derived tissues. The studies on CA125 revealed that CA125-positivity gradually occurs in the mullerian epithelium during the development of the fetal female genital tract. This suggests that CA125 is an antigen closely associated with the differentiation of mullerian epithelia. The culture study of rabbit ovarian surface epithelia in vitro, which was intended to transform these cells into mullerian-type cells under various factors added in the medium, failed to conduct mullerian differentiation of the culture cells. However, either estradiol or cystic fluid of serous ovarian carcinoma which was added in the medium has promoted the growth of the culture cells. Currently we have failed to find the direct evidence of the factor which conducts mullerian differentiation on the ovarian surface epithelium, however, CA125 is considered as an antigen closely related to the mullerian differentiation. Therefore including the studies on CA125 further studies on mullerian differentiation. Therefore including the studies on CA125 further studies on mullerian differentiation conducting factors which may give a way to the treatment of ovarian carcinom are necessary. Less