A Study on Mullerian Differentiation Conducting Factors

来自胎儿体腔上皮及其间质的成对苗勒管产生输卵管、子宫、子宫颈和阴道上部，苗勒管上皮在各自部位分化为纤毛细胞、子宫内膜细胞、粘液细胞和鳞状细胞等苗勒管型细胞。卵巢表面上皮是另一种体腔上皮衍生组织，通常包含在卵巢间质中，并表现出苗勒氏型分化，导致卵巢常见上皮肿瘤的形成。然而，促进体腔上皮来源组织的苗勒氏型分化的因素尚不清楚。对胎儿输卵管、子宫和子宫颈发育的超微结构研究显示，纤毛细胞在妊娠20周时首先出现在输卵管中，然后在子宫和子宫颈中出现分泌细胞。之后，在妊娠40周时子宫颈出现粘液分化。因此，在胎儿期，女性生殖道不同部位的苗勒管上皮细胞有不同的分化时间。手术切除标本的细致病理研究强烈提示，腹膜和卵巢表面上皮均来源于体腔上皮，有可能转化为苗勒氏型上皮细胞及其间质细胞（子宫内膜间质细胞和平滑肌细胞）。这支持了体腔上皮来源组织的继发性苗勒管系统的概念。对CA125的研究表明，在胎儿女性生殖道发育过程中，CA125的阳性逐渐发生在苗勒管上皮中。这表明CA125是一种与苗勒管上皮分化密切相关的抗原。兔卵巢表面上皮的体外培养研究，试图在培养基中添加各种因素的作用下将其转化为苗勒管型细胞，但未能使培养细胞进行苗勒管分化。然而，在培养基中加入雌二醇或浆液性卵巢癌囊液均能促进培养细胞的生长。目前我们还没有找到在卵巢表面上皮上进行苗勒管分化的因子的直接证据，但CA125被认为是与苗勒管分化密切相关的抗原。因此，包括CA125的研究，进一步研究苗勒管分化。因此，包括CA125的研究在内，进一步研究可能为卵巢癌治疗提供途径的苗勒管分化传导因子是必要的。少

The paired mullerian ducts derived from the fetal coelomic epithelium and its mesenchyme give rise to the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina, and the mullerian epithelium differentiates into mullerian-type cells such as ciliated, endometrial, mucinous and squamous cells at respective parts. Surface epithelium of the ovary, another coelomic epithelium-derived tissue, is often included in the ovarian stroma and shows mullerian-type differentiation which results in the formation of common epithelial tumors of the ovary. Nevertheless, the factor which facilitates mullerian-type differentiation of coelomic epitheliumderived tissues is unknown. The ultrastructural studies of the development of the fetal fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix revealed that ciliated cells first appear in the tubes by 20 weeks of gestation, and then secretory cells in the uterus and cervix. Afterward mucinous differentiation occurs in the cervix by 40 weeks of gestation. Therefore, the mullerian epi … More thelia have respective times of differentiation at respective parts of the female genital tract during the fetal period. Meticulous pathological studies on surgically removed specimens strongly suggested that the peritoneum and ovarian surface epithelium, both of which are derived from the coelomic epithelium, have potentiality to transform into cells of mullerian-type epithelia and their mesenchyme (endometrial stromal cells and smooth muscle cells). This supported the concept of secondary mullerian system of coelomic epithelium-derived tissues. The studies on CA125 revealed that CA125-positivity gradually occurs in the mullerian epithelium during the development of the fetal female genital tract. This suggests that CA125 is an antigen closely associated with the differentiation of mullerian epithelia. The culture study of rabbit ovarian surface epithelia in vitro, which was intended to transform these cells into mullerian-type cells under various factors added in the medium, failed to conduct mullerian differentiation of the culture cells. However, either estradiol or cystic fluid of serous ovarian carcinoma which was added in the medium has promoted the growth of the culture cells. Currently we have failed to find the direct evidence of the factor which conducts mullerian differentiation on the ovarian surface epithelium, however, CA125 is considered as an antigen closely related to the mullerian differentiation. Therefore including the studies on CA125 further studies on mullerian differentiation. Therefore including the studies on CA125 further studies on mullerian differentiation conducting factors which may give a way to the treatment of ovarian carcinom are necessary. Less