Morphological imaging and functional analysis in change of bone

骨结构基本上由骨膜、骨皮质和髓腔组成。形成髓腔的松质骨在X线片上显示为线状或网状骨小梁。骨组织是一种经过反复吸收和形成的代谢组织。特别是，松质骨的矿物质含量波动密切响应骨代谢的变化。一般认为，当骨脱矿或过度矿化超过30%~ 40%时，常规X线摄影可以检测到骨丢失和异常钙化，采用全景断层扫描，这是一种相对标准化的程序，因为它操作简单，可以对整个下颌骨进行评估。由于断层图像的模糊性，传统的全景断层图像不适合于下颌骨骨小梁模式的视觉分析。通过使用激光扫描系统克服了这个问题，该系统使小梁非常清晰地可视化，并且允许对所产生的图像上的图案进行相对准确的分类。此外，我们能够定量和定性地评价X线分布与数字化成像板上骨小梁信息的关系。

The bone structure consists basically of the periostium, bone cortex and intramedullary cavity. The cancellous bone forming the intramedullary cavity is visualized as a linear or reticular pattern of bone trabeculae on the radiographic images. The bone tissue is a metabolic one that undergoes repeated resorption and formation. In paticular, the mineral content of the cancellous bone fluctuates in close response to changes in bone metabolism. Generally it has been said that bone loss and calcification of abnomalities can be detected by conventional radiography when the bone demineralization or hypermineralization is more than 30 to 40 percent.Panoramic tomography, a procedure which is relatively standardized, was employed because it is simple to manipulate and allows evaluation of the entire mandible. Because of the blurred images specific to tomographs, conventional panoramic tomographs are not suitable for the visual analysis of patterns of the mandibular bone trabeculae. This problem was overcome by using a laser scan sytem, which visualized the trabecule quite clearly and allowed relatively accurate classification of the patterns on the image produced. In addition, we were able to evaluate quantitaitvely and qualitatively the distribution of X-ray in relation to information on the bone trabeculae on the digitalized imaging plate a physical procedure.