Morphological imaging and functional analysis in change of bone

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The bone structure consists basically of the periostium, bone cortex and intramedullary cavity. The cancellous bone forming the intramedullary cavity is visualized as a linear or reticular pattern of bone trabeculae on the radiographic images. The bone tissue is a metabolic one that undergoes repeated resorption and formation. In paticular, the mineral content of the cancellous bone fluctuates in close response to changes in bone metabolism. Generally it has been said that bone loss and calcification of abnomalities can be detected by conventional radiography when the bone demineralization or hypermineralization is more than 30 to 40 percent.Panoramic tomography, a procedure which is relatively standardized, was employed because it is simple to manipulate and allows evaluation of the entire mandible. Because of the blurred images specific to tomographs, conventional panoramic tomographs are not suitable for the visual analysis of patterns of the mandibular bone trabeculae. This problem was overcome by using a laser scan sytem, which visualized the trabecule quite clearly and allowed relatively accurate classification of the patterns on the image produced. In addition, we were able to evaluate quantitaitvely and qualitatively the distribution of X-ray in relation to information on the bone trabeculae on the digitalized imaging plate a physical procedure.