The morphogical and histrogical study of the foramen gubernacular

从1987年到1988年，我们用透射电子显微镜观察了食蟹猴和人的干颅骨上的管孔的位置和区域，以及食蟹猴的管孔管内的软组织。结果如下：(1)对乳牙列动物和人的干燥颅骨进行了乳斑孔与乳牙的关系研究。所以，在动物和人类的左右颌骨之间有匀称的地方。在上颌和下颌中切、侧切和犬齿中，这些孔位于乳牙的远端。2)用一种新型的孔孔测量装置，对食蟹猴和人的干颅骨的乳牙列上的上孔孔区进行了测量。在动物的上颌骨中，有孔孔的中门牙最大，其次依次为犬科门牙和侧门牙。动物下颌骨中，中门牙孔最大，其次为侧门牙孔，其次为犬齿孔。在人类的上颌骨中，侧门牙的孔最大，其次依次为中门牙和犬齿。在人类的下颌骨中，动物和人类都有相同种类的牙齿。3)用透射电镜观察了一只3月龄和1岁的食蟹猴的脐管软组织。3个月大的猴子的上皮残留物的基底层比老猴子的更清晰，它有一个刷子状的外观，可能是由于相对较高的形成活性而呈蓝色。两组细胞成分无明显差异。在3月龄的猴体内，普通上皮细胞中的纤维性张力丝已经呈现出一定的聚集和颗粒状。在3个月大的猴子的大部分部位，我们只观察到少量的萎缩细胞，但在靠近牙龈上皮的上皮残体中，我们观察到细胞含有肿胀的线粒体，这可能是由于细胞的退化造成的。牙胚周围的胶原纤维密度相对较低，而靠近牙龈的区域胶原纤维密度很高。在本研究中，结缔组织的细胞外间隙内没有观察到完全来自上皮细胞残留物的成分。少

We observed the locations, the areas of the foramina gubernacular occurring in the dried skulls of crab-eating monkeys and human beings, and the soft tissue in the gubernacula canal of a crab-eating monkey by using the transmission electron microscopy for the last two years (from 1987 to 1988). The results were follows.1) The dried skulls of animals and human beings with deciduous dentition were investigated the locations of the foramina gubernacular in relation to the deciduous tooth. So, there foramina gubernacular were located svmmetrically between the rifht and left sides of jaws both animals and human beings. In both maxillary and mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, these foramina were on the distal side of the deciduous teeth.2) The areas of the foramina gubernacular in the deciduous dentition were investigated in the dried skulls of crab-eating monkeys and human beings using a new made eqipment for measuring these foramina. In animal's maxilla, the foramin … More a of the central incisors were the largest, and then their size become smaller in the order of canines and lateral incisors. In animal's mandible, the foramina of the central incisors were the largest, and then their size becone smaller in order of lateral incisors and canines. In the human being's maxilla the foramina of the lateral incisors were the largest, and then their size become smaller in order of central incisors and canines. In human being's mandible with same kind of teeth in both animals and human beings.3) We observed by transmission electron microscopy the soft tissue in the gubernacular canal of a 3-month-old and 1-year-old crab-eating monkey. The basal lamina of the epithelial remnants of the-3-month-old monkey was more clearly seen than that of the older animal, and it had a brush-like appearence probably bue to relatively high forming activity. No marked difference was observed among the cellular components between the two ages. The tonofilaments which were fibrous in ordinary epithelial cells already showed some aggregation and granular appearance in the 3-month-old monkey. In most parts of the 3-month-old monkey, only a small number of atrophied cells were observed, however in the epithelial remnants located near the gingival epithlium, we observed cells containing swollen mitochondria which probably occurred due to the degeneration of the cells. The density of collagen fibers around the dental germ was relatively low, thereas in the area close to the gingiva, the density of fibers was very high. In the present study, no components exactly derived from the remnants of epithelial cells were observed within the extracellular spaces of th connective tissue. Less