The morphogical and histrogical study of the foramen gubernacular

用透射电子显微镜观察了1987~1988年食蟹猴和人的干燥头骨的引带孔的位置、面积，以及食蟹猴引带管内的软组织。研究结果如下：1)观察了人和动物的干燥乳牙头骨，观察了牵引孔与乳牙的位置关系。因此，动物和人类的引流孔位于枪管和左侧颌骨之间。在上下颌中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙上，这些孔都位于乳牙的远侧。2)用一种新的测量装置，在食蟹猴和人类的干燥头骨上测量了乳牙牙列中的管状孔的面积。在动物的上颌骨中，有孔的…中切牙越大，其大小就越小，依次为尖牙和侧切牙。动物下颌骨中切牙孔最大，侧切牙最小，尖牙最小。在人的上颌骨中，侧切牙孔最大，然后中切牙和尖牙的大小依次减小。3)对3月龄和1月龄食蟹猴下颌管软组织进行了透射电子显微镜观察。3月龄猴残留上皮的基底板较大龄猴清晰可见，表面呈刷状，可能是由于其形成活性较高所致。细胞成分在两个年龄组之间无显著差异。3月龄猴正常上皮细胞中纤维状的张力细丝已出现一定程度的聚集和颗粒状。在3月龄猴的大部分部位，仅观察到少量萎缩的细胞，而在靠近牙龈上皮的上皮残留物中，我们观察到含有肿胀的线粒体的细胞，这可能是由于细胞的退化所致。牙胚周围的胶原纤维密度较低，靠近牙周区的胶原纤维密度较高。在本研究中，在TH结缔组织的细胞外间隙中没有观察到确切地来自上皮细胞残留物的成分。较少

We observed the locations, the areas of the foramina gubernacular occurring in the dried skulls of crab-eating monkeys and human beings, and the soft tissue in the gubernacula canal of a crab-eating monkey by using the transmission electron microscopy for the last two years (from 1987 to 1988). The results were follows.1) The dried skulls of animals and human beings with deciduous dentition were investigated the locations of the foramina gubernacular in relation to the deciduous tooth. So, there foramina gubernacular were located svmmetrically between the rifht and left sides of jaws both animals and human beings. In both maxillary and mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, these foramina were on the distal side of the deciduous teeth.2) The areas of the foramina gubernacular in the deciduous dentition were investigated in the dried skulls of crab-eating monkeys and human beings using a new made eqipment for measuring these foramina. In animal's maxilla, the foramin … More a of the central incisors were the largest, and then their size become smaller in the order of canines and lateral incisors. In animal's mandible, the foramina of the central incisors were the largest, and then their size becone smaller in order of lateral incisors and canines. In the human being's maxilla the foramina of the lateral incisors were the largest, and then their size become smaller in order of central incisors and canines. In human being's mandible with same kind of teeth in both animals and human beings.3) We observed by transmission electron microscopy the soft tissue in the gubernacular canal of a 3-month-old and 1-year-old crab-eating monkey. The basal lamina of the epithelial remnants of the-3-month-old monkey was more clearly seen than that of the older animal, and it had a brush-like appearence probably bue to relatively high forming activity. No marked difference was observed among the cellular components between the two ages. The tonofilaments which were fibrous in ordinary epithelial cells already showed some aggregation and granular appearance in the 3-month-old monkey. In most parts of the 3-month-old monkey, only a small number of atrophied cells were observed, however in the epithelial remnants located near the gingival epithlium, we observed cells containing swollen mitochondria which probably occurred due to the degeneration of the cells. The density of collagen fibers around the dental germ was relatively low, thereas in the area close to the gingiva, the density of fibers was very high. In the present study, no components exactly derived from the remnants of epithelial cells were observed within the extracellular spaces of th connective tissue. Less