Cross-Cultural Studies of Green Spaces, especially of Gardens in Japan and Korea.

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We investigated the traditional gardens of Korea, especially the royal palace gardens in Puyo, Kyonju, and Soeul. The relationships between buildings and gardens,and the landscape composition around pond and stream in these gardens differ from those of Japanese traditional gardens. The shores of pond and stream, and the border of planting bed are architecturally formed by rectangular stones. On the contrary, the areas apart from buildings are kept in natural condition. Then, the artificial and the natural areas are strictly seperated in Korean gardens, and this characteristics differs from Japanese gardens, in which the artificial area gradually changes to the natural area, and a goal of gardening and the maintenance is a natural feature. Then, we investigated the spatial aspects of rural settlements, which are the basement and the background of a garden culture. Investigated areas are several traditional settlements in the surrounding areas of Taegu, Puyo, Hadon, and Henan. The location of rural settlements of Korea basically depends on the landform, and not on the aspects like the Japanese rural settlements. Individual homestead are enclosed by a stone and clay fence, and hedges are quite few. Therefore, the enclosures of Korean homestead are closer than Japanese. These fences frequently curve with a landform, and as a result the plan of homestead is usually irregularly-shaped. On the contrary, the building forms, and the arrangement of buildings and plantings fundamentally symmetrical. So, the artificial and natural areas are distinctively seperated in the homesteads like in the traditional gardens,mentioned above.