Cognitive Science on the Relations between the Composition of Landscape Planting and Visio-psychological effects

运用语义差分法和脑血流动力学方法，对植物的生理心理效应进行了实验分析。语义评价随着宾语植物的增多而变得积极。将18例男性受试者的脑血流动力学分为两组：A组表现为多个皮质区域的血流量明显减少，B组为枕区血流量显着增加，观察到植物较多的对象。比较了有草坪小学和无草坪小学小学生对常见植物和昆虫的兴趣以及在校园中的活动情况。有草坪的校园的小学生比没有草坪的小学生更熟悉普通植物，玩耍也更活跃。调查了自愿参与乡村森林经营的公民团体的意识和活动，在持续观察和积极参与下，环境意识变得深刻。我们比较了日本人和韩国人对配对种植的评价和眼动，以考察基本反应如上述生理心理反应和对植物的文化反应的复合效应。韩国受试者更喜欢相同树形的配对种植，他们的目光集中在树冠上。相反，日本被试更喜欢树形不同的树，除了树冠外，他们的视线也分布在两棵树之间。因此，植物构图的偏好和注视方式被认为与植物构图的传统特征有密切关系。最后，通过与中国和西方园林造园构图的比较，探讨了韩国、日本园林造园构图的特点及其心理哲学背景。

Physio-psychological effects of plants are experimentally analyzed using a semantic differential method and cerebral hemodynamics. The semantic evaluation became positive with the incretion of plants of objects. A cerebral hemodynamics of 18 male subjects was divided into two groups : Group A showed significant decrease of blood flow volume in many cortical regions and Group B had significant increase of blood flow volume in the occipital region inspecting the objects with more plants. The interest of pupils in familiar plants and insects and the activities in a schoolyard were compared between elementary schools of yard with lawn and without lawn. The pupils of schoolyard with lawn are familiar to ordinary plants and more active in play than the pupils with no lawn. Awareness and activities of civic groups voluntarily engaging in rural forest management are investigated, and environmental consciousness becomes deep with continuous observation and positive involvement. We compared the evaluation and eye movement to pair planting between Japanese and Korean subjects to investigate the compound effects of fundamental response as physio-psychological responses mentioned above and cultural response to plants. Korean subjects prefer the pair plantings of same tree form and their eye fixations distribute on the crowns. Contrarily, Japanese subjects relatively prefer them of different tree form and their eye fixations distribute between the two trees besides their crowns. Therefore, the preference for planting composition and eye fixation patterns are considered to have intimate relations to the traditional character of planting composition. Finally, we discussed the characteristics of planting compositions of gardens, and its psychological and philosophical backgrounds in Korea and Japan comparing with China and western countries.