Excess Electrons in Dielectric Media : Transport, Reactivity, Conducting State Energy and High Voltage Characteristics of the Medium

电介质中的多余电子：介质的输运、反应性、传导态能量和高电压特性

• 批准号: 63044031
• 负责人: NISHIKAWA Masaru
• 金额: $ 5.76万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63044031/
• 关键词: Electron mobility; Conducting state energy; Electron attachment; Carbon dioxide; Nonpolar media; Pressure effect; Hall mobility; 炭化水素二成分系

1. Electron mobility measurements : (1) The Hall mobility mu_H of electrons in the mixture of n-pentane and neopentane was measured as a function of temperature upto 30% n-pentane by volume. mu_H value decreases with increasing n-pentane concentration. However, in this concentration range the ratio of mu_H to the drift mobility mu_H/mu_D was close to unity regardless of temperature. The observation definitely shows electrons are quasifree in this mixture, so that n-pentane in this concentration range merely acts as scattering center with a larger scattering cross section.2. Conducting state energy V_0 : V_0 values in liquid tetramethy lsilane (TMS), 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane, 2, 2-dimethylbutane and n-pentane (n-p) were measured as a function of pressure by the photoelectric effect method. V_0 values in these liquids increase monotonically with pressure as the result of density increase. This trend qualitatively agrees with predictions made by the Wigner-Seitz theory. However, the agreement between theory and experiments was not quite satisfactory quantitatively.3. Electron reaction rate : Electron attachment rate to CO_2 was measured in liquid 2, 2-dimethylbutane under pressure. In the low pressure region below about 100MPa equilibrium constants K were also measured. From the plot of K vs. pressure DELTAV as large as -200 cm^3/mol was estimated. Higher pressure facilitates attachment reaction. Also attachment to benzene and toluene in n-p was observed above 100 MPa, but not in TMS.

1.电子迁移率测量：(1)测量了电子在体积分数为30%的正戊烷和新戊烷混合物中的霍尔迁移率µ_H随温度的变化。MUH值随正戊烷浓度的增加而减小。然而，在该浓度范围内，与温度无关，µH与漂移迁移率的比值muH/muD接近于1。观察结果明确地表明，在这种混合物中电子是准自由的，因此在这个浓度范围内，正戊烷只是作为散射中心，具有更大的散射截面。用光电效应法测量了液体四甲基硅烷(TMS)、2，2，4-三甲基戊烷、2，2-二甲基丁烷和正戊烷(n-p)的导电态能V_0：V_0随压力的变化关系。由于密度的增加，这些液体中的V_0值随压力单调增加。这一趋势与维格纳-塞茨理论的预测定性一致。然而，理论和实验在数量上的一致性并不是很令人满意。电子反应速率：在加压下测量2，2-二甲基丁烷液体中对CO_2的电子附着速率。在100 MPa以下的低压区，还测得平衡常数K。从K-压力曲线估算出DELTAV最大可达-200 cm~(-3)/mol。较高的压力有利于附着反应。在n-p中也观察到苯和甲苯的附着，但在TMS中没有观察到。

项目成果

Nakagawa, Kazumichi: "Density Effect on structures in photoconductivity excitation spectra of supercritical xenon doped with anthracene molecules" Chemical Phisics Letters. 155. 278-282 (1989)

中川一道：“掺杂蒽分子的超临界氙光电导激发光谱中的密度效应”化学物理学快报。

Nishikawa, Masaru: "Electron transport in nonpolar liquids (in Japanese)" Radiation Chemistry. 51. (1991)

Nishikawa，Masaru：“非极性液体中的电子传输（日语）”辐射化学。

Itoh, Kengo: "Reaction of electrons with CO_2 in nonpolar solvents" IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation. (1991)

Itoh, Kengo：“非极性溶剂中电子与 CO_2 的反应”IEEE 电绝缘汇刊。

Itoh, Kengo: "Electron attachment to benzene and toluene in nonpolar solvents" Journal of Physical Chemistry. 94. 8853-8857 (1990)

Itoh, Kengo：“非极性溶剂中苯和甲苯的电子附着”《物理化学杂志》。

西川 勝: "無極性液体中の電子輸送過程" 放射線化学. 50. (1991)

Masaru Nishikawa：“非极性液体中的电子传输过程”放射化学 50。（1991）