Electronic Properties of Nonpolar Liquids : Electron Mobility, Electron Reaction Rates, Conducting State Energy and Free-Electron Yields

非极性液体的电子性质：电子迁移率、电子反应速率、传导态能量和自由电子产率

• 批准号: 04405003
• 负责人: NISHIKAWA Masaru
• 金额: $ 12.93万
• 依托单位: Kanagawa Institute of Technology (1994)The University of Tokyo (1992-1993)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04405003/
• 关键词: Electron mobility; Electron transport; Excess electron; Dielectric liquids; Free-electron yields; Electron attachment; Nonpolar liquids; Hydrocarbon liquids; 反応速度; 電子物性; 移動度; 過剩電子

1. (1) Electron mobilities were measured as a function of composition at different temperatures in binary mixtures : tetramethylsilane (TMS) -2,2-dimethylbutane (DMB), TMS-2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane, TMS-neopentane. It is concluded that a model based on deformation potential theory involving concentration fluctuations can describe experimental results properly. However, fluctutation potentials arising from concentration fluctuations are found to be less efficient in scattering excess electrons than that due to density fluctuations.(2) Measurements of electron mobilities in n-hexane (n-H) -DMB system indicated that up to 25% in n-H electrons are prevalently in quasifree state, and beyond 25% localized state gradually becomes dominant.2. (1) Reaction rates of electrons with CO_2 in DMB and 2-methylbutane, and (2) with toluene in n-H and DMB increase with increasing pressure due to volume decrease by electrostriction.3. Analysis of the electron attachment-detachment equilibrium with CO_2 in tetramethylsilane and dimethylbutane by means of thermodynamic cycles utilizing conducting state energies (V_0) in respective liquids yielded the value of electron affinity for CO_2,0.61 ev, which is in excellent agreement with a theoretical calculation (Armstrong et al., 1994) and an experimental value (Compton et al.1975)4. Correlation between steady state current and electron mobility was observed when electrons were injected into liquid n-pentane, isooctane and TMS by illuminating NaK alloy with 300-400nm light..5. Free-electron yields (G_<fi>) were measured as a function of pressure at different temperatures in TMS,isooctane and n-pentane, G_<fi>- (number of electrons per 100eV absorbed) are roughly constant with pressure in TMS,and in isooctane at low temperatures. The G_<fi> goes down with increasing pressure in isooctane at higher temperatures and in n-pentane.

1. (1)在不同温度下测量了四甲基硅烷（TMS）-2，2-二甲基丁烷（DMB）、TMS-2，2，4，4-四甲基戊烷、TMS-新戊烷二元混合物的电子迁移率随组成的变化。结果表明，考虑浓度涨落的形变势模型能较好地描述实验结果。然而，由浓度波动所产生的波动电位被发现是不太有效的散射多余的电子比，由于密度波动。(2)对正己烷（n-H）-DMB体系电子迁移率的测量表明，n-H中约25%的电子以准自由态为主，超过25%的电子以定域态为主. (1)电子与CO_2在DMB和2-甲基丁烷中的反应速率，以及电子与甲苯在n-H和DMB中的反应速率均随压力的增加而增加，这是由于电致伸缩引起的体积减小.利用四甲基硅烷和二甲基丁烷中的导电态能量（V_0），通过热力学循环分析了电子与CO_2的吸附-脱附平衡，得到了CO_2的电子亲合势值为0.61 ev，这与理论计算（Armstrong et al.，1994）和实验值（Compton et al.1975）4.用300- 400 nm的光照射NaK合金，观察到电子注入液态正戊烷、异辛烷和TMS时，稳态电流与电子迁移率的相关性。5.在<fi>不同温度下测量了TMS、异辛烷和正戊烷的自由电子产额（G_-）随压力的变化，<fi>在TMS中，G_ -（每100 eV吸收的电子数）随压力大致不变，在异辛烷中，G_-随压力变化不大。在<fi>较高温度下异辛烷和正戊烷中，G_随压力增加而下降。

项目成果

伊藤・二宮・西川・ホルロイド: "Charge transport at high pressure in toluene-n-pentane mixtures" Journal of Physical Chemistry. 98. 1974-1977 (1994)

Ito、Ninomiya、Nishikawa 和 Holroyd：“甲苯-正戊烷混合物中高压下的电荷传输”物理化学杂志 98。1974-1977 (1994)

二宮・伊藤・西川・ホルロイド: "Effect of pressure on the equilibrium e^-+CO_2(〕 SY.dblharw. 〔)CO_2^-in 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylbutane" Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97. 9488-9492 (1993)

Ninomiya, Ito 和 Nishikawa, Holroyd：“压力对平衡 e^-+CO_2(〕 SY.dblharw。[)CO_2^-在 2-甲基丁烷和 2,2-二甲基丁烷中”《物理化学杂志》97。 9488 -9492 (1993)

伊藤・二宮・西川・ホルロイド: "Charge transport at high pressure in toluene-n-pentane mixtures" Journal of Physical Chemistry. (in press).

Ito、Ninomiya、Nishikawa 和 Holroyd：“甲苯-正戊烷混合物中高压下的电荷传输”物理化学杂志（正在出版）。

S.Ninomiya, K.Itoh, M.Nishikawa: "Electron drift mobilities in mixtures of 2,2-dimethylbutane and tetramethylsilane" Proc.Int.Conf on Liq.Rad.Detectors, ed.T.Doke. 263-266 (1993)

S.Ninomiya、K.Itoh、M.Nishikawa：“2,2-二甲基丁烷和四甲基硅烷混合物中的电子漂移迁移率”Proc.Int.Conf on Liq.Rad.Detectors，ed.T.Doke。

M.Nishikawa: "The conduction band energy of nonpolar liquids" Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Resaerch. A327 (1). 3-6 (1993)

M.Nishikawa：“非极性液体的导带能量”核仪器和物理研究方法。